Download Objectives

Objectives
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Discuss the developments that led to
the Reformation.
Describe how Martin Luther protested
against the Roman Catholic Church
and began a new church.
Identify the factors that caused the
spread of Protestantism.
Objectives
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Describe how the Catholic Church
responded to the Reformation.
Discuss the results of the Reformation
and the Counter – Reformation.
Chapter 15 Section 3 & 4 Terms
Reformation
Indulgences
Martin Luther
Henry VIII
John Calvin
Counter-Reformation
Council of Trent
The Protestant Reformation
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Christian churches break away from
the Roman Catholic Church. New
Christian churches are formed.
Took place in what is now Germany.
Germany was not a unified nation yet.
It was made up of about 300
independent states.
The weak rulers could not control
independent ideas about religion or
abuses of power by the popes.
Martin Luther
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Martin Luther developed
beliefs that later became
known as Lutheranism.
1517, Luther publicly criticized
the selling of indulgences by
the Pope and Johann Tetzel (a
fellow monk).
Indulgences: Pay $ to be
forgiven of sins.
Luther posted his 95 theses (or
statements) about indulgences
on a church door.
Because Luther had challenged
church practices he was
denounced by church leaders.
By 1520 Luther openly
disagreed with many other
church doctrines.
Martin Luther’s Break with
the Church
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1521 Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic, and
excommunicated him.
The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V summoned
Luther to the city of Worms and commanded him
to abandon his ideas. (Imperial Diet of Worms)
Luther refused and was banned from printing his
work.
Frederick the Wise, the elector of Saxony helped
protect Luther after the Diet of Worms.
With the support of Frederick, Luther translated
the Bible into German.
The Spread of Protestantism
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Many German rulers
established the Lutheran
Church within their states.
Charles V tired to stop the
spread of Protestantism.
1546 Charles V sent armies
against the Protestant
German rulers.
1555 the Peace of Augsburg
stated German rulers had
right to choose the religion
for their state.
Almost all the German
states chose the Lutheran
Church.
The Church of England
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England’s break from the
Roman Catholic Church
was political.
Henry VIII wanted a
divorce from his wife
Catherine of Aragon.
Pope Clement VII
refused to grant the
divorce.
Henry VIII started his
own church, the Church
of England (the Anglican
Church)
Calvinism
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In the 1530s John
Calvin founded a
Protestant church in
Switzerland.
1536 he published his
beliefs in “The
Institutes of the
Christian Religion”.
By the 1600s
Calvinist churches
were well established
in many parts of
Europe.
Does yours look like this?
Goal
Methods Used
Revive Spirituality
1. Ended abuses surrounding sale of indulgences.
2. Tightened discipline within clergy.
Combat Heresy
1. Brought the inquisition to Rome.
2. Established Index of Forbidden Books.
Define Catholic Doctrine
1. Supported dependence on priests.
2. Salvation through ceremonial actions and individual
faith.
3. Notion of free will in every person.
Slow the Spread of
Protestantism
1. Better educated priests worked more forcefully for
the church.
2. Old and new religious orders such as Jesuits spread
Catholicism.
Counter–Reformation
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1530s the Catholic Church began a
major reform effort, called the
Counter–Reformation (or Catholic
Reformation)
Goals of the Counter - Reformation
– Return the church’s emphasis to
spiritual matters.
– Make its doctrines more clear.
– Campaign to stop the spread of
Protestantism.
Counter–Reformation tactics
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Pope Paul III appointed
devout and learned men
as bishops and cardinals.
Brought the Inquisition to
Rome.
Did not use Inquisitions
to punish Protestants
Goal was to keep
Catholics within the
church
Pope Paul IV established
the Index of Forbidden
Books.
The Council of Trent
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1545, Pope Paul III
called a meeting of
church leaders to the
city of Trent.
The Council of Trent met
3 times between 1545
and 1563
Defined the official
church position on
matters of doctrine.
Ended the sale of
indulgences.
Tightened discipline
within the clergy.
Supported beliefs that
Protestants had
rejected.
Jesuits
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Jesuits: the Society of Jesus.
Founded by Ignatius de
Loyola in 1534.
1540, Pope Paul III
recognized the Jesuits as an
official order of the Catholic
Church.
Followers took vows of
chastity, poverty, and
obedience to the pope.
Organized like a military
group.
Became the most effective
group at spreading
Catholicism.
Stressed education, and
founded some of the best
colleges in Europe.
Results of the Religious Upheaval
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Appearance of many
different churches in
Europe.
A strong interest in
education.
Reading became
increasingly
important.
Increase in the power
of national
governments.
Decrease in the power
of the pope.
Review
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How did the Catholic Church respond
to the Reformation?
What were the results of the
Reformation and the Counter –
Reformation?