* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chemistry Notes
Chemical industry wikipedia , lookup
Chemical weapon wikipedia , lookup
Gas chromatography wikipedia , lookup
Photopolymer wikipedia , lookup
Inorganic chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Chemical plant wikipedia , lookup
Chemical Corps wikipedia , lookup
Nuclear chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Chemical potential wikipedia , lookup
California Green Chemistry Initiative wikipedia , lookup
Chemistry: A Volatile History wikipedia , lookup
Drug discovery wikipedia , lookup
Properties of water wikipedia , lookup
Stoichiometry wikipedia , lookup
Physical organic chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Condensed matter physics wikipedia , lookup
Water splitting wikipedia , lookup
Water pollution wikipedia , lookup
Vapor–liquid equilibrium wikipedia , lookup
Freshwater environmental quality parameters wikipedia , lookup
Safety data sheet wikipedia , lookup
Chemical thermodynamics wikipedia , lookup
Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals wikipedia , lookup
Atomic theory wikipedia , lookup
History of chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Electrolysis of water wikipedia , lookup
Chemistry Notes What is chemistry? Study of matter and its properties Why study chemistry? Used in career fields like doctor, nurse, pharmacist, engineer, rocket scientist, etc Can help you stay healthier – helps explain reactions in your body and certain diseases and their treatments Matter’ definition It has to have 2 things Has to have mass and volume How to describe matter? Physical Properties - properties you can test for or sense without changing the substance Examples: density color taste pH magnetism boiling point melting point odor Chemical properties Chemical properties – property in which you test how it reacts with another substance, and the substance being tested is changed Reaction with baking soda Flammability Decompose with heat State of Matter and Their Properties All matter can exist as a gas, solid, or liquid at the proper temperature and pressure Solid Particles are close to one another and don’t move Fixed shape Doesn’t fill container necessarily High density Not very compressible Examples: steel, copper, plastic, ice Gases Particles are far apart and moving fast Always fills container Takes shape of container Least density Compressible Examples: air, natural gas, water vapor Liquid Particles can move past each other Can fill a container Takes shape of a container Medium density Slightly compressible Examples: liquid water, milk Two major classifications Pure substance Mixture Two kinds of pure substances Element Definition – pure substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means #’s – approximately 118 The substances on the periodic table Examples: gold, iron, hydrogen, oxygen Compound Definition – pure substance made up of two or more different elements chemically combined #’s – millions Examples: salt, water, sugar Mixture Mixture – two or more pure substances physically combined Gaseous mixtures – like air Solid mixtures – like alloys such as brass and stainless steel Liquid mixtures – milk, salt water Mixtures with more than one phase Carbonated beverages Separating or purifying matter Mixtures – can be separated by physical means Separate a mixture of any two pure liquids Distillation Separate the water in salt water from the salts Boil off the water and salts will remain Separate a mixture of gases Cool them – they will condense at different temperatures Compounds Can only be separated by chemical means Decomposition – Heat to high temperature: Ex. copper oxide ore from the earth – drive off the oxygen by heating to a high temperature Electrolysis Pure water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen gases by using an electric current Elements Can’t be purified any further or broken apart by chemical or physical means Chemical Changes Definition – change in which a substance changes its chemical identity Examples Burning propane Reaction between vinegar and baking soda Also called a chemical reaction Physical changes Definition – change in which a substance changes its physical properties without changing its identity. Examples Cutting wood Tearing up a piece of paper Melting ice Boiling water