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Persuasive Appeals Some authors or advertisers try to persuade you to agree with them or buy their products by using misleading techniques and false information. They try to make you respond with your emotions instead of with clear thinking. This kind of persuasion is called propaganda. Forms of Propaganda Name Calling Involves attacking a person’s character or personality instead of focusing on his or her ideas. Name Calling: “Only an idiot would suggest that we get rid of our school’s physical education program.” Balanced Statement: “Eliminating our school’s physical education program could be bad for students’ health because they would exercise less often.” Forms of Propaganda Snob Appeal Tries to convince people that if they agree with the stated opinion, they are smarter or otherwise better than the people who disagree. Snob Appeal: “I’m sure that intelligent people will agree with me and fight to preserve physical education.” Balanced Statement: “Doctors and nutritionists agree that everyone needs regular exercise. Gym classes are an effective way to make sure students get physical activity.” Forms of Propaganda Bandwagon Appeal Pressures people to think as others think. Basically says, “Everyone else believes this, so why don’t you?” Bandwagon Appeal: “Everyone knows that gym classes are essential for students’ health.” Balanced Statement: “Cutting physical education classes could cause more problems than it solves because it would reduce students’ opportunities to exercise.” Forms of Propaganda Overgeneralization A statement so broad it could never possibly be true. Often include words such as all, none, everyone, no one, any, and anyone. Overgeneralization: “All kids love gym class.” Logical Statement: “Most kids enjoy excercising, even if they’re not good at sports.” Forms of Propaganda Either-or Thinking States that there are only two possible solutions to a problem. Either-or thinking: “Either the school keeps teaching physical education, or kids will grow up to be weak and sickly.” Clear Thinking: “Without gym classes, kids will lose a chance to train their bodies and develop healthy habits that will last their whole lives.” Other Advertising Techniques Facts & Figures Hidden Fears Magic Ingredients Patriotism Transfer Testimonial Wit & Humor Loaded Language/Purr Words Plain Folks Repetition