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Chapter 25 Section 3
Judaism and Christianity
History of Jews
• Hebrews (later called Jews) moved from
Palestine (Israel) to Egypt
– Drought & famine forced them out of
Palestine/Canaan
– In Egypt-enslaved
– Eventually Moses helped the Hebrews to escape
• Led to Sinai Peninsula (eventually to Palestine)
• Voice of God told him that the Hebrews were the
chosen people of God as long as they were faithful
History of Jews Cont.
•God had made a covenant (binding
agreement) & therefore accepted God
as the ruler of Heaven & Earth
–Called Jews b/c of the name Judea
which was given to their land
• Left Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) for Fertile
Crescent & formed Israel
– Frequently threatened by invaders WHY?
(pg 563)
• no natural barriers, fertile land
– 2 great Kings
• David- skilled general
– United Israel
– Made it a power in M.E
• Solomon-wise
– Peaceful
– Built palaces & temples to God
– Heavy taxes to pay for building
• After Solomon’s death many revolts
(weakened kingdom)foreign rulers
conquered & forced Hebrews into exile
– Were allowed to return under Persians
• Rebuilt Solomon’s temple in Jerusalem
• Many foreign leaders ruled them (Persians,
Greeks, & Romans)
• Jews revolted against Romans-war
– Romans forced survivors out of Palestine
– The scattering of Jews throughout world is
Diaspora
called _____________
(see pg 564)
Summary
• Summarize in one sentence the difficulties
the Jews endured before the common era
began.
Judaism
• Monotheism
• Yahweh-name of God
• Torah-sacred book
– Moral/religious laws
• Thought they were the chosen/special
people
• 10 commandments
– Religious, ethical, moral laws
– Forbid stealing, lying, cheating, & murder
Judaism Cont.
• Believe people/rulers should lead moral
lives
• Prophets-religious teachers
• Did not regard rulers as Gods
• Each individual is responsible for his/her
actions
• Messiah-one anointed by God
– Would deliver from foreign rule
• God-angry & punish
• Jesus= troublemaker (rulers)
Christianity
• Grew out Judaism
• First 5 books of Bible are from the Torah
• Jesus is founder
– Story of life is in Gospel
• Disciples-followers
• Jesus is the son of God
– Teachings in New Testament
• Monotheism (same God as Jews)
• 10 commandments
• Stressed love for God & compassion for all
people
Christianity Cont.
• Forgiving God
• God sees everyone as equal
• Parables-short stories w/ moral lessons
• Wealth doesn’t equal salvation
YES-NO-WHY
• Christians must live more moral lives than
Jews.
Spread of Christianity
• Peter & Paul were missionaries that spread
Jesus’ message
• Romans tolerated religious beliefs of diverse
people
– However they were suspicious of Christians
WHY? (see pg 565)
• b/c they refused to show respect for Roman Gods
• Christians were often persecuted
• Martyrs are (see pg 565)
– -people who suffer/die b/c of their beliefs
Spread of Christianity Cont.
• Eventually Roman Emperor Constantine
converted to Christianityended
persecution
– By 395AD –Official Religion
Appeal of Christianity
• Rich & poor
– Hope of salvation & eternal life
– Can reach salvation through moral choices
(control of own destiny)
– All equal
Pope- father of Church
2 branches of Christianity
– Roman Catholic-Pope is head
– Eastern Orthodox-emperor controlled
YES-NO-WHY
• The Christian and Jewish teachings have
influenced life in the US.
Assignment
• Analyze the following: “The blood of the
martyrs is the seed of the Christian
Church.”
• What do you think he meant?
• Why might this be true?