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UNIT 4 Origins of Judaism The History of the Ancient Israelites Essential Questions What is Judaism and how is it similar to, and different from your beliefs? What is the origin of Judaism? What ancient people were important to Judaism? How does Judaism impact life today? Jewish Families Why do you think that Jewish parents often give their children (2) first names? One in native language and one in Hebrew ANSWERS: Remind them that they are connected to the past Each generation is responsible for carrying on the religious traditions of Judaism Your Trip to the Middle East Canaan You are There On your visit to Jerusalem, you and your family arrive at the First Temple. You have read in your guidebook about this temple in the Hebrew bible. David chose the site for the temple, but it was completed by his son, Solomon, the greatest king of Israel in 957 BCE. You have learned a lot about Judaism from your tour guide. You have learned that Solomon inherited a kingdom. He had a good trading partner called the Phoenicians. The Phoenicians were excellent sea traders. Your guide tells you that Solomon even used Phoenician sailors for his own merchant fleet. He traded with other people for cedar wood to build his temple. Before you continue your tour, you decide to learn more about Judaism! Document 1. What is it? 2. What was it used for? 3. Was it important? God’s Covenant with Abraham The stars symbolize God’s promise to Abraham: “Your descendants shall be as numerous as the stars.” Abraham kneels as a sign of respect as God promises to make him the father of a nation of people in Canaan The crouching figure is Abraham, one of the founders of the Jewish religion God commanded Abraham to leave Mesopotamia and go to the land of Canaan Enslavement of the Israelites The Israelites were constantly guarded and were often severely beaten with whips. The Egyptians enslaved the Israelites forcing them to perform much of the building of their empire. This is an overseer, hired by the Pharaoh Ahmose to force the Israelites to perform backbreaking work. The Israelites had to move huge stones, which were used to build palaces and cities. The Exodus from Egypt This is Moses, one of the prophets and leaders of the Jewish religion Pharaoh Ramesses II sent his army to stop the Israelites from leaving Egypt When the Egyptian army pursued the Israelites, Moses raised his staff a second time closing the waters and drowning the army Moses raised his staff and God parted the waters of the Red Sea so that the Israelites could escape the Egyptian army. Following God’s orders, Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt and back to Canaan in an event known as “the Exodus” Moses on the Mount Moses received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai The Ten Commandments were to be kept in a special shrine called and Ark and kept inside a special tent called a Tabernacle God promised to protect the Israelites as long as they lived by the Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments were engraved on two stone tablets. They are the ten original laws of Judaism The first and most important of all the Commandments told the Israelites to worship only one god. (monotheism) Joshua’s conquest of Jericho This is Joshua, leader of the Israelites after the death of Moses The Israelites carried the Ark of the Covenant and circled the walls of Jericho for seven days Jericho was the first city the Israelites encountered after returning to Canaan On the 7th day, the city of Jericho was conquered when the Israelites blew on their trumpets and the city walls crumbled The Torah The coverings and rollers are often decorated Torah comes from the Hebrew word that means, “to teach” Contains the first five books of the Hebrew bible It is against Jewish law to touch the parchment paper that the Torah is written on Provide guidance and laws for the Jewish people It is a very sacred, or holy text. Ancient Phoenicians Developed a simple alphabet with 22 characters Bartered or traded throughout the Mediterranean region Great Sea power and Israel’s trading partner Purple dye made expensive clothing. Purple became symbol for wealth and royalty Judaism Today Practiced by 13. 2 million people today. 41% live in Israel, 40% in the US. (2007 census). Still read the Torah. Worship in synagogues. Jewish holidays like Passover to celebrate the escape from Egypt Rabbis teach the Jewish people. Storyteller Project Overview: Having good storytellers was a way that ancient people were able to pass down tales of heroes, fantastic deeds, and accomplishments made by their ancestors. Storytelling was a respected skill and often was part of their beliefs. Task: You are being given the opportunity to use your creativity and imagination to show what you have learned in the unit on Judaism. You are going to write a story using the key vocabulary terms from unit 4 to tell the story of Judaism. You may choose any genre that you’d like, or you feel comfortable with. Your stories can range from wacky all the way to serious, but they need to be coherent, or make sense. In addition, the vocabulary words cannot just be mentioned but have to be used properly and in the correct context. Steps: 1. Listen to the story that Mr. Norton will read to you in class. 2. Use the list of vocabulary terms from below. Make sure you have definitions you understand. 3. Decide on a genre to write your story from. 4. This can be any length from a couple of paragraphs to a couple of pages 5. Make sure the vocabulary words are used correctly and in proper context, not just mentioned! Word box: covenant, monotheism,, descendent, barter, Canaan, Ten Commandments, Judaism, Torah, Phoenicians, Credits Hogt.wordpress.com Historyalive democracyinlebannon.org jerusalem-4thtemple.org worldreligion.nielsonpi.com pritani.com