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Transcript
Meteorology 10.05 Weather & Climate • Instructor: Jan Null, CCM • Spring 2016 • Mon 18:00 – 21:00 • Duncan Hall 515 COURSE WEB SITE: http://ggweather.com/met10/ [NO Canvas] SYLLABUS ON CLASS WEBSITE Meteorology 10 • The one science we deal with every day • Impacts on all aspects of our society • Topics – Fundamentals of the atmosphere – Storms, Tornadoes, Hurricanes – El Niño, La Niña – Climate Change • No Prior Knowledge of Math or Meteorology • But this is a SCIENCE class!!! Jan Null, CCM • BS Atmospheric Science, UC Davis, 1974 • MA Geography (Climate), SJ State, 1992 • National Weather Service 1974-1997 • Lecturer / Adjunct Professor of Meteorology – SFSU 1987-2014, SJSU 2014-present • Golden Gate Weather Services since 1998 – Forensic Meteorology – Consulting (Engineering, 500+ TV Interviews) – Forecasting (PG&E, wineries) – Research areas (El Nino, Hyperthermia) – Projects (AMNH, BASOC, SFPUC) Meteorology 10 • TEXTBOOK - OPTIONAL – Essentials of Meteorology , C.D. Ahrens, 7th ed. (5th or 6th okay) • Optional – Rental –or Check Amazon or half.com –or http://www.ichapters.com –or Copy in Reserve Book Room Course Plan • Mostly Lecture based – Fast Paced – LOTS OF MATERIAL – Supplemented • by Ahrens’ text • by web material • by other AV material • All PowerPoints will be posted to class website after class. – Especially important concept or information marked with Tentative Course Plan • Homework/Classwork – (200 pts) • Tests: All Multiple Choice – 2 midterms (100 pts each) – Final (200 pts) • Term Paper (200 pts) – 6 - 10 pages TOTAL 800 POINTS • Extra Credit Term Paper (100 Pts) • Other extra credit options Course Plan • Grading – 90% = A- , 80% B-, etc. – Adjusted curve • Integrity DO NOT PLAGARIZE ! Zero Tolerance Policy! House Rules • Common Courtesy Please – Cell phones • “Silent” or OFF • If you HAVE to take a call go outside – Please NO texting !! – If you take notes w/ a computer please sit in the back or along sides of the classroom My Contact Info • Office Hours – DH 618 – Mon 17:00 – 17:45 or by appointment – Contact Info – Golden Gate Weather Services: • Ofc: 408-379-7500 • [email protected] {Preferred} – Please put Met 10 in Subject line @ggweather Who are You? Name ? Major? • Where do you get your weather info? • App? Which one? • Web? Site? • TV? Who or what? • Why are you taking this course? • What is your most memorable weather event? What Day is Tomorrow? Groundhog Day Groundhog Day • Ancient Celtic celebration called Imbolog. • Agrarian society celebrated midpoint: winter solstice and the spring equinox. • Superstition from if fair weather on Imbolog, the second half of the winter would be cold and stormy Groundhog Day • Christian times, Feb. 2 was celebrated as Candlemas • Scots said, ``If Candlemas be bright and clear, there'll be two winters in the year'‘ • English said, ``If Candlemas be sunny and warm, ye may mend your mittens and look for a storm.'‘ Groundhog Day • Romans learned the tradition from the Celts • Brought it to the area that became Germany. • German immigrants brought beliefs to Pennsylvania • Tradition became centered on the woodchuck, or groundhog. Groundhog Day Only in America … … do we accept weather predictions from a rodent, but deny climate change evidence from scientists. Groundhog Day IR Image IR Image IR Image Visible Image IR Image Visible Image Visible Image 7 pm 1 am 7 am 1 pm Weather vs. Climate • What is Weather? – What is Going on in the Atmosphere Now • What is Climate? – Weather History – "Climate is what you expect, Weather is what you get". ~ R. Heinlein Weather Elements What do we measure? ° Temperature ° Precipitation ° Rain ° Snow ° Winds ° Humidity ° Pressure ° Cloud Cover ° Visibility Weather Extremes Maximum Temperature • What’s the hottest you have experienced? • World / United States 134° Death Valley • California 134° Death Valley • San Jose 109° • San Francisco 103° • How many times has SF reached 100°? Weather Extremes Minimum Temperature • World -129° Antarctica • United States -80° Prospect Creek, AK • California -45° Boca Reservoir • San Jose 18° • San Francisco +27° How many times has SF had freezing temperatures? Weather Extremes Humidity • Which of these cities has the highest annual average afternoon Relative Humidity (RH)? A. Honolulu B. Miami C. Atlanta D. San Francisco Weather Extremes Humidity • Which city has the highest annual average afternoon Relative Humidity? A. Honolulu (56%) B. Miami (61%) C. Atlanta (56%) D. San Francisco (62%) Why this apparent contradiction? Weather Extremes Rainfall • 1 Hour Maximum • World - 15.78” Shangdu, China • United States - 12” Holt, MO (~42 minutes) • California - 4.70” Palomar • San Francisco - 1.92” Weather Extremes Rainfall •24 Hour Maximum • World 73.62” La Reunion Island • United States 43.00” Alvin, TX • California 26.12” Hoegees Camp • San Francisco 6.19” • San Jose 4.32” Weather Extremes Rainfall • 1 Year Maximum • World 1042” Cherrapunji, India • United States 704” Kukui, Hawaii • California 257.9” Camp 9 • San Francisco 49.27” • San Jose 30.25” “Average” Weather • What is average? • What is normal? • Defined as the 30-year average • Updated each decade • Currently: 1981-2010 Weather Extremes Highest Normal Annual Rainfall • World 523” Lloro, Columbia • United States 460” Mt. Waialeale, HI • California 104.2” Honeydew • San Francisco 23.65” • San Jose 14.90” Weather Extremes Snow • Have You Ever Seen Snow? In San Francisco? In San Jose? • 1 Year Maximum • World 1140” Mt. Baker, WA • California 884” Tamarack, CA • San Francisco 3.7” (1884) • San Jose 1” (1932) Weather Extremes Measuring Wind • What parameters? • Speed • Sustained (2 min. average) • Gusts (1-3 sec. peak) • Direction Weather Extremes Maximum Wind Gusts • World – 253 mph – Barrow Island, Australia • U.S. - 231 mph - Mt Washington, NH • California – 176 mph Ward Peak (Alpine Meadows) • SFO – 78 mph • Angel Island 103 mph Weather Extremes Maximum Sustained Wind • 190 mph sustained (Typhoon Tip ) Tornadoes (F5) • ~ 300 mph Weather Extremes Thunderstorms Are the genesis of • Lightning (and Thunder) • Hail • Downbursts • Tornadoes • Hurricanes Weather Extremes United States (World) Largest Hail Record • July 23, 2010 – Vivian, SD • 8” diameter, 18.5” circumference, 1.9 lbs. World Heaviest Hail Record • 2.25 pounds – Bangladesh Weather Basics • Air is a Fluid • Warm Air Rises • Air Flows from High to Low Pressure • Differential Heating drives the weather • Rising Air Cools by Expansion… and Cooling causes Condensation to occur • Sinking Air Warms by Compression and Warming causes evaporation to occur Homework #1 (10 pts) Due via Email before class next Mon, Feb 8 Send email to [email protected] with a Subject line of Met10 and the preferred email address you would like to use for class communications. 1. Include: Name: Preferred Email address: Major: Class level: Homework #1 (continued) 2. Other meteorology classes taken? 3. Why are you taking this class? 4. Where do you get your weather information? - Which App(s) or Internet weather site(s) do you use? - If TV, who do you watch most? - What TV “meteorologist” do you like the best? Why? Homework #1 (continued) 5. What is the most memorable weather event in your life? 6. What particular topic(s) would you like covered in this course? 7. Name one song title that has a weather element in the title or a main part of the lyrics! 8. Optional: Add a selfie! Next Week • Monday, Feb 8 • El Niño/La Niña • Earth’s Atmosphere • Geog. 101