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Panic Disorder
E’lexus Jackson
Period 4
Conduct Disorder
• Panic Disorder- an anxiety disorder marked by
unpredictable minutes- long episode of intense
dread in which a person experiences terror
and accompanying chest pains, choking, or
other frightening sensations
Associated Feature
• The Symptoms
• Chest pains, dizziness, fear of losing control,
feeling of choking, feeling of detachment,
feelings of unreality, nausea or upset stomach,
numbness or tingling in hands, hands or face
sweating, chills, trembling/shaking
Associated Features
•
A) Both (1) and (2)
•
(1) recurrent unexpected Panic Attacks
•
(2) at least one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month (or more) of one (or more) of the following:
•
(a) persistent concern about having additional attacks
•
(b) worry about the implications of the attack or its consequences (e.g., losing control, having a heart attack, "going crazy")
•
(c) a significant change in behavior related to the attacks
•
B) The Panic Attacks are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical
condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism).
•
C) The Panic Attacks are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as Social Phobia (e.g., occurring on exposure to feared social
situations), Specific Phobia (e.g., on exposure to a specific phobic situation), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e.g., on exposure to dirt in someone
with an obsession about contamination), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (e.g., in response to stimuli associated with a severe stressor), or
Separation Anxiety Disorder (e.g., in response to being away from home or close relatives).
•
Associated Features
• Symptoms usually begin before the age of 25
but they may occur in the mid 30’s
• People with panic disorder may symptoms of:
alcoholism, depression, and drug abuse
• Complications
people with panic disorder are more likely
to be unemployed, less productive work, and
have difficult personal relationship
Etiology
• There is no cause for panic disorder, but it is
more likely to run in your family
Prevalence
• Though panic is relatively uncommon in the
general, it is common clinical settings. Panic
disorder is diagnosed in approximately 10
percent of people who are referred for mental
health consolation, the percentage is even
more dramatic in general medical settings. Its
more common for woman to have this
disorder than men.
Treatment
•
Cognitive-behavioral therapies should be used together with drug therapy. Ten to 20
visits with a mental health professional should take place over a number of weeks.
Common parts of this therapy include:
•
Gaining understanding of and control over distorted views of life stressors, such as
other people's behavior or life events.
•
Learning to recognize and replace panic-causing thoughts to decrease the sense of
helplessness.
•
Learning stress management and relaxation techniques to help when symptoms occur.
•
Practicing systematic desensitization and exposure therapy, in which you are asked to
relax, then imagine the things that cause the anxiety, working from the least fearful to
the most fearful. Gradual exposure to the real-life situation also has been used with
success to help people overcome their fears.
Treatment
• Medicine
• Antidepressants
• Serotonin-Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
• Benzodiazepines
• monoamine
Prognosis
• Panic disorder may be long-lasting and difficult
to treat. Some people with the disorder may
not be cured with treatment. However, most
people can expect rapid improvement with
drug and behavioral therapies
References
• Hofmann SG, Smits JA. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
for adult anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of
randomized placebo-controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry.
2008;69:621-632. [PubMed: 18363421]
• Taylor CT, Pollack MH, LeBeau RT, Simon NM. Anxiety
disorders: Panic, social anxiety, and generalized
anxiety. In: Stern TA, Rosenbaum JF, Fava M,
Biederman J, Rauch SL, eds. Massachusetts General
Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 1st ed.
Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 32.
• .
Discussion Question
• Would you rather have panic disorder without
agoraphobia than any other disorder?