Download Mental Disorders

Chapter 18:
Mental Health
Are we all a little bit crazy?
Mental Health is a matter of degree
Mental Health is a matter of degree
abnormal
severe
mild
Psychosis
Relatively
healthy
normal
Self
actualized
Not in touch
With reality
Anxiety Disorders
Somatoform
Disorders
Types of
Disorders
Schizophrenia
Dissociative
Disorders
Anxiety: generalized feeling of apprehension
Panic Disorder: frequent overwhelming attacks of anxiety
Phobic Disorders: disabled by fear in presence of certain objects or situations.
Two types:
Specific Phobia: snakes, heights, enclosed spaces, etc.
Agoraphobia: literal homebodies…will not leave home. Fear of leaving familiar
environments.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders
Endless
preoccupation
with urge or
thought
Symbolic ritualized
behavior
Recently found that brain
chemicals trigger the circuits
over and over
Continued thoughts about
performing a certain act over and
over
Somatoform Disorders
Conversion
Disorders
Hypochondriasis
Serious psychological trauma
converts into physical dysfunction.
Example: hysterical blindness,
paralysis
Excessive concern about physical
health, often from only receiving
positive attention as a child when
sick.
Dissociative Disorders
Amnesia
• Dissociative Disorder related to trauma
• Memories “disappear”.
• Most common psychological amnesia related
to war experiences: selective forgetting
Usually
does not
last longer
than a year
Starts out
new
somewhere
else
Amnesia
from
current life
More often
in men than
in women
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative
Identity
Disorder or
Multiple
Personality
Disorder
Haunted, confused
personality,
upsetting traumatic
abuse
Sometimes one
personality does not
know the others
Sometimes one personality will
know and work with the others
History of guilt
over unacceptable
impulses
This is NOT
schizophrenia….personalities
know reality vs. unreality, can
think and communicate and do
not believe things that do not
exist
Mood Disorders
DYSRHMIC
DISORDER:
“low spirits”, moderate
depression, general
sadness, usually goes
away on its own
MAJOR DEPRESSION:
Slow speech, disturbances
in sleep, appetite, energy,
hopelessness, thoughts of
suicide
BIPOLAR DISORDER
Combination of mania and Major
depressive episodes. When
hallucinations are included,
diagnosis is manic depressive
psychosis
MANIA
Extreme agitation,
restlessness, rapid speech
and thoughts “flight of
ideas” delusions of all
powerful ability
Serotonin is a brain chemical that
plays a large role in mood
disorders:
Too much can cause mania
Not enough can cause depression
Psychotic Disorders
Psychosis
Thought Disorder
Schizophrenia
• Severe mental disorder
involving major
problems with
emotional thought
processes, distorted
perceptions of the world
• A serious distortion of
the ability to think or
speak in a lucid and
coherent way
• Hallucination: seeing or
hearing something not
there
• Delusion: belief in
something that is not
true
• Most serious mental
disturbance involving
loss of contact with
reality, thought
disorders, hallucinations
and delusions.
• Affects about 1% of
population
• Some have one episode
and get better
• Some have many and do
not respond to treatment
very well all the time
• Some spend most of
their lives in and out of
institutions.
• Appears in late adolescence or early adulthood
• Word Salad: words are all mixed up incoherently
• Clang Associations: Psychotic speech in which words are
rhymed
• Subtypes of Schizophrenia:
• Catatonic: say very little, do not speak, stupor much of the time,
very little movement
• Paranoid: strong feelings of persecution and suspiciousness,
grandiose beliefs.
• Disorganized Schizophrenia: extreme thought disturbances,
rarely live outside of institutions
• Undifferentiated: does not fit other types
• Psychotic Episodes: come in cycles
Louis Wain pre diagnosis
Louis Wain post diagnosis
Personality Disorders
• Antisocial Personality Disorder: person seems
in constant conflict with authority, law and has
no conscience, also known as a sociopath
• Most criminals do not even fit into this
category….they follow some rules!
• Borderline Personality Disorder: unstable
emotions and relationships, dependency, self
destructive behavior
Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders IV
• Used by mental health workers to categorize the hundreds of
sets of symptoms of mental, emotional, personality, and
physical/mental health disorders
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F00-F09 Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders
F10-F19 Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use
F20-F29 Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders
F30-F39 Mood [affective] disorders
F40-F48 Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders
F50-F59 Behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and
physical factors
F60-F69 Disorders of adult personality and behaviour
F70-F79 Mental retardation
F80-F89 Disorders of psychological development
F90-F98 Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in
childhood and adolescence
F99 Unspecified mental disorder