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Section 9: Personality Disorders Personality Disorders • Inflexible traits that disrupt social life • Appear by late adolescence • Can’t be distinguished from personality like other mental disorders – is their personality • Pleading insanity because of a personality disorder won’t work in court Cluster A Personality Disorders • Odd, eccentric thinking and behavior 1. Paranoid 2. Schizoid 3. Schizotypal Paranoid Personality Disorder • • • • • Distrustful and suspicious of others Interpret motives as harmful / evil Lead isolated lives Argumentative Not confused about reality, but have distorted view • Suspicion of doctors may keep them from getting treatment Schizoid Personality Disorder • No interest with relationships with others • No emotions, no attachment • No delusions or hallucinations • Not as disabling as schizophrenia Schizotypal Personality Disorder • Trouble with relationships & disturbances in thought patterns, appearance, and behavior • May have brief delusions or hallucinations, but not as intense as with Schizos – Can distinguish between reality and distortions • Usually also have major depression • Have unusual beliefs (aliens) Cluster B Personality Disorders • Dramatic, overly emotional thinking and behavior 1. 2. 3. 4. Antisocial Borderline Histrionic narcissistic Antisocial • Not someone who avoids social interaction • Persistent behavior pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others • No guilt or remorse • No drugs or therapy will help • Continue behavior even if threat of social rejection or punishment • Kids: run away, hurt others / animals / lie / steal – Fearless, unconcerned with rewards, unusually calm – Unrestrained sexual behavior – When combined with high intelligence = dangerous • Adults: aggressive, no job, don’t pay bills Acting like a criminal • Lack of conscious • Don’t even abide by rules usually followed by criminals • Smooth and agreeable on outside • Repeatedly in conflict with law Why? • Biological reasons – Premature birth – Reduced activity in frontal lobe – No significant genetic patterns / body chemistry found • Environmental issues – Poverty, unstable family – Family history of neglect / rough treatment – Alcoholic & abusive parents Borderline Personality Disorder • Long-term patterns of turbulent or unstable emotions • Causes impulsive actions & chaotic relationships • Respond with rage and emptiness • Symptoms: uncertain of identity, see things in terms of extremes, suicidal behavior • Causes: abuse, abandonment, unstable family Histrionic • Being overly dramatic and emotional • To draw attention to self • Starts in early adulthood • Could lead to depression Narcissistic • Inflated self-esteem, extreme preoccupation with self • Need constant attention • Exaggerate talents and achievements • Selfish • Disregard other’s feelings, no empathy Cluster C Personality Disorders • Fearful thinking and behavior 1. Avoidant 2. Dependent 3. Obsessive-Compulsive Avoidant Personality Disorder • • • • • Social inhibition Feelings of inadequacy Would rather be alone than risk trying to connect Avoid work, school functions Treatment: antidepressants help, but therapy is ultimate idea • If untreated, could become mood disorder or substance abuser Dependent Personality Disorder • One of most common personality disorders • Excessive dependence on others • Tolerant of abusive treatment • Passive, needy, naive • Different from Borderline P.D. – Respond with submissiveness and monkey bar theory in relationships Obsessive-Compulsive (OCPD) • Many similar symptoms to OCD but: – No obsessions or compulsions • Seek treatment because of conflicts with those close (not because of anxiety like OCD) • Perfectionist, controlling, obsessed with orderliness