Download The Endocrine System

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http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/Vi
ewObject.aspx?ID=NUR3103
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Hormone game show
The Endocrine
System
The Second Control System of
the Body
I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
A. The Endocrine system
helps to coordinate and
control the activities of our
body’s cells. This system is
usually working closely with
the Nervous System.
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1. The Endocrine system is not
“built for speed” like the nervous
system is but is still able to
cause major physiological
changes and maintain
homeostasis within the body.
I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
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B. The Chemistry of
Hormones
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2. Hormones are the
chemical force of the
endocrine system. They
are the messengers
released by glands that
cause changes within the
body. Ex. Growth,
reproduction, homeostasis
and metabolism.
I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
3. All hormones can be
classified as amino acid based
or steroid.
 A. Amino acid based
hormone are proteins,
peptides and amines.
(most hormones are amino
acid based)
 B. Steroid hormones are
made from cholesterol (ex.
Testosterone,
progesterone, aldosterone)
 C. Protaglandins are
made from lipids
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I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
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C. Mechanisms of
Hormone Action
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4. Hormones affect only
certain tissues or organs
(target cells or organs)
5. Steroid hormones
diffuse into the target
cell and activate protein
synthesis. This explains
how birth control and
patches work, but an
insulin patch would not
be effective because it
is an amino acid
hormone.
I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
6. Amino acid hormones
bind to a receptor on the
target cell and sets off a
series of reactions inside
the cell.
 7. Hormones cause one
of the four changes:
changes in the plasma
membrane electrical state,
synthesis of proteins,
activation or deactivation
of enzymes, or
stimulation of mitosis.
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I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
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D. Control of Hormone Release
 1. Hormone levels in the blood
are maintained by negative
feedback mechanisms. For
example: You eat a candy bar at
lunch -> your blood sugar
levels rise -> cells of the
pancreas are activated and
release insulin into the blood ->
body cells are triggered by
insulin to take up glucose ->
blood glucose levels decline ->
pancreas stops releasing insulin
I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
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2. There are three ways that endocrine glands
can be activated:
 A. Hormonal- activation from other
hormones
 B. Humoral- activation by changing blood
levels of certain ions (like calcium)
 C. Neural- activation by nerve impulses
Control Pathways and
Feedback Loops
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Complete the hormone chart by using your
textbook and iPad if needed.
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The function of the hormone is filled out for you,
you need to Identify the hormone name, and for s
ome
there is a blank for a HYPO or HYPER secr
etion of
that hormone- identify the disease
Disorders and Related Terminology
1. acromegaly
2. Addison’s disease
3. Cushing’s syndrome
4. diabetes mellitus
5. dwarfism
6. exophthalmos
7. gigantism
8. goiter
9. glycosuria
10. hyperglycemia
11. hyperthyroidism
12. hypoglycemia
13. hypothyroidism
14. polydipsia
15. polyphagia
16. tetany
II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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A. Pituitary Gland- hangs by a stalk
from the hypothalamus and has two
functional lobes- the anterior
(glandular tissue) and posterior
(nervous tissue)
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1. Hormones of the anterior pituitary include:
 A. Growth Hormone- stimulates growth
and metabolism (acromegaly of feet in
picture)
 B. Prolactin- stimulates milk production
II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
C. Follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH)- stimulates production of
egg and sperm
 D. Leutinizing Hormone (LH)stimulates ovaries to release egg
and testes to produce
testosterone
 E. Thyroid Stimulating (TSH)stimulates thyroid gland
 F. Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)stimulates adrenal glands
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II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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2. Hormones of the
posterior pituitary:
 A. Oxytocinstimulates
contractions of
the uterus during
labor
 B. Antidiureticdecreases urine
to increase water
absorption
II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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B. Thyroid Glandfound at the base of
the throat
3. Hormones include:
A. Thyroid hormonethe major metabolic
hormone (thyroxine
or T4, and T3)
B. Calcitoninreduces blood
calcium levels by
causing its
deposition to bone
II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
C. Parathyroid glands- tiny
masses on the posterior
thyroid
4. Hormones include:
A. Parathyroid
hormone- raises
blood calcium by
stimulating
osteoclasts to
remove calcium
from bone
II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
Signs andGlandssymptoms
D. Adrenal
sit on top of the
Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease usuall
kidneys
y
develop
slowly,include:
often over several months, and m
5.
Hormones
ay include:
A. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine- “Fight-orMuscle weakness and fatigue
Flight” hormones- increase blood glucose,
Weight loss and decreased appetite
increase
rate
of (hyperpigmentation)
metabolism, constrict certain
Darkening
of your
skin
bloodpressure,
vessels even fainting
Low blood
SaltKennedy
craving had Addison’s Disease- Hyposecretion
Low blood
sugar (hypoglycemia)
of adrenal
hormones
Nausea, diarrhea or vomiting
Cushing’s disease- hypersecretion of cortisol
Irritability
(adrenal hormone)
Depression
Other Adrenal gland hormones
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Glucocorticoids
(steroid hormones)
 Cortisol- long term
stress hormones
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Cushing’s disease,
hypersecretion of
cortisol
Mineralocorticoids(Steroid hor
mones)
 Aldosterone- targets
kidneys to regulate
salt content of blood
which regulates wate
r balance in the body
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Flashcard Warm-up May 6th #17
Hormones produced
by the Pituitary Gland
Anterior Lobe:
 Posterior Lobe:
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II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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E. Pancreas- the Islets
of Langerhans Cells
produce the hormones
(alpha cells produce
glucagon, beta cells
produce insulin
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6. Hormones include:
 A. Insulin- to
reduce blood sugar
(produced by beta
cells)
 B. Glucagon- to
raise blood sugar
II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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F. Pineal Glandfound on third
ventricle of brain
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7. Hormones include:
 Melatonin- helps
establish the
body’s wake and
sleep cycles
II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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G. Thymuslocated posterior to
sternum, is largest in
infants and children
and decreases in
size as we age.
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8. Hormones include:
 Thymosinmatures white
blood cells (T cells)
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II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
H. Testes
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9. Hormones include:
 A. Androgens- support
sperm formation and male
secondary sex characteristics,
(growth of muscle and bone
mass, deepening of the voice,
facial hair, etc.)
 Examples include
Testosterone, which
stimulates sperm formation
II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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I. Ovaries
10. Hormones include:
A. Estrogenstimulate uterine
lining growth,
development of
female secondary
sex characteristics
B. Progesteronepromotes growth
of uterine lining
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Diabetesan
epidemic!!
An estimated 23.6 million people in the United States—7.8
percent of the population—have diabetes, a serious
l
ifelong condition. Of those, 17.9 million have been
diagnosed, and 5.7 million have not yet been diagnosed.
In 2007, about 1.6 million people ages 20 or older were
diagnosed with diabetes.
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2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey estimates of tota
l
prevalence—both diagnosed and undiagnosed—were projected to year
2007
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Type I- Juvenille onset- An autoimmune disorder
Type II –Adult onset-About 90 to 95 percent of people wit
h diabetes have type 2. This form of diabetes is most
often associated with older age, obesity, family history of
diabetes, previous history of gestational diabetes, physical
inactivity, and certain ethnicities. About 80percent of peop
le with type 2 diabetes are overweight.
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DIABETES MELLITUS
A chronic disease
marked by high levels
of blood sugar
 Can be caused by too
little insulin, resistance
to insulin or both
 Type I- Juvenile onset
 Type II- Adult-onset,
can be prevented with
lifestyle choices
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Who is STAN?
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Stan is a type 2 Diabetic
Types of Diabetes
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Type I- Juvenille onset- An autoimmune
disorder
Type II –Adult onset-About 90 to 95 perce
nt of people with diabetes have type 2. Th
is form of diabetes is most often associa
ted with older age, obesity, family history
of diabetes,previous history of gestational
diabetes, physical inactivity, and certain
ethnicities. About 80 percent of people
with type 2 diabetes are overweight.
Diabetes video
Youtube, diabetic rap
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http://video.answ
ers.com/how-dia
betes-affects-the
-body-32672086
6
Explains how the
body does not res
ponsd to insulin
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http://www.screenc
ast.com/users/Cind
yKendrick/folders/D
efault/media/1cb416
ca-ebb9-4ea0-a99
3-a0f91365e98b
Osmosis screencast
Hormone Matching
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In groups, match the GLAND picture wi
th the HORMONES
THEN, match the FUNCTION card with
the HORMONE card
Let me CHECK your answers when
completed