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Forms of Energy Chapter F3 Kinetic and Potential Energy #1 (F62) • ___________ is the ability to cause changes in matter • _________, which is a form of energy, can change solid ice into liquid • There are two basic kind of energy-the energy of __________ and the energy of ____________ • Any matter in motion has _________ energy and the amount of kinetic energy an object has can ___________ quickly • _________ energy is the energy an object has because of where it is or because of its condition • Once movement of an object happens, ___________ is often changed to ____________ energy Kinetic and Potential Energy #2 (F63) • This change if energy form between kinetic and potential is called ______________ of energy • Although energy is often changed from one form to another, the total ___________ of energy doesn’t change • Energy cannot be _____________ or ______________ and this is the law of the ______________ of energy • Using the pictures of the pole vaulter on F62-63, describe three times the form of energy changes • In the case of the tennis ball bouncing, energy is not destroyed at any point, but with each bounce some of the ball’s energy was lost as _________ and ________ • The heat caused by the _________ of the ball hitting the floor _________ the air and the floor slightly • Eventually, the results of bouncing turned all of the ball’s energy into other ________ Kinetic Forms of Energy (F64) • The kinetic energy that objects have is also called ____________ energy and is just one form of kinetic energy • _________ energy is another form of kinetic where the movement of molecules of matter produces heat • ___________ energy, also a form of kinetic, is caused by the movement of electrons and produces shocks as well as the picture and sound on a television • ___________ energy from the picture moves to your eyes in waves and ____________ energy is received by your ears through vibrations produced by the television Potential and Chemical Forms of Energy (F64) • Elastic potential energy is the energy __________ in compression springs, stretched rubber bands, and bent vaulting poles-all materials that can be forced into a shape that’s different from its natural shape • Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has when its in an _____________ or a stored position • Plants absorb ________ energy and store it as chemical energy in the food they make • When a runner starts to run, chemical energy stored in his __________ is changed into _________ and ___________ energy Electric Charges (F68) • Electric energy runs many forms of ____________ and is the energy that produces ___________ • Electric energy is produced by the movement of ___________ • Within an atom, electrons have a __________ charge and protons and a _________ charge and most objects have an ________ number of protons and electrons • But, when an object gains or loses electrons due to an attraction to ____________ in another object, it has an __________ charge • An object that has gained ___________ has a negative charge and an object that has lost electrons has a ____________ charge • Losing electrons can lead to an object’s attracting of electrons to replace the lost electrons and the attraction can be felt as a ________ or even a spark Electric Force #1 (F69) • Most objects have no _________ because they have about the same number of protons and electrons • If an object has a charge, it attracts objects with the ____________ charge • Similar to magnetic force, ________ charges attract each other, and _______ charges repel each other • This attraction or repulsion is called ___________ __________ and like gravitational force it depends on the ____________ of the objects • Two charged objects produce a larger electric force when they are __________ together Electric Force #2 (F69) • Charged objects have ___________ electric energy, and can also be called static electricity because the electrons are not _____________ • When charged objects are close to each other, potential energy can become ___________ energy • If the charges on the objects are the ___________, the objects repel each other and if the charges are ___________, the objects attract each other • If the objects touch or come very close to each other, __________ may flow from one object to another • Electrons flow from ____________ charged objects to ______________ charged objects • The flow of electrons is called __________ ____________ • Once the charge have moved and are ____________, there is no electric force remaining Electric Circuits #1(F70) • A _________ is used in the wire that makes an electric circuits • An electric circuit is any path along which ________ can flow • ________ and _________ are often used as conductors • Metals are good conductors of electric current because their atoms don’t hold ________ tightly and this allows electrons to move along from one _______ to the next • An electric current flows through good conductors with little ___________ • The conductor in a circuit is wrapped with a material called an ___________, which is a material that does not carry ___________ Electric Circuits #2 (F70) • Rubber, _________, glass and ______ are good insulators because they _______ the flow of electrons through them • Insulation keeps wires from toughing each other and completing an _______ ________ before the electrons can reach a device; if this does happen it is called a _________ circuit • Some materials do not completely stop the flow of electrons, but may _________ the flow of electrons in some way and are called resistors • Materials that resist electric current are important because they allow electric energy to be __________ into other forms • The filament in a light bulb resists the flow of electrons and produces ________. When it gets hot enough it ________ • Electrons flowing in an electric circuit can produce heat, ________, sound, or __________ and these are all needed to electric devices Magnets & Electricity (F72) • ________ are used to generate, or produce, electricity • Electric currents produce a ___________ field around them • Why will a compass placed next to a wire carrying an electric current point to the wire? • A current-carrying wire wrapped in a coil of more _______ makes a strong magnet • A coil of current-conducting wire wrapped around an _______ bar makes an even stronger magnet • Around the coil is a magnetic field but it is only __________ when electric current flows through the coil and is called an _____________ • The link between electricity and magnetism allows ______ to be produced from electric energy • An electric motor uses electromagnets and by changing the _________ of the electric current back and forth, these electromagnets alternately _______ and ________each other. This causes the motor to turn Light Energy (F76)