Download energy & heat - Doral Academy Preparatory

ENERGY
WHAT IS ENERGY?
• THE ABILITY TO DO WORK OR
CAUSE CHANGE IS CALLED
ENERGY
There are two basic kinds of
energy…
• KINETIC ENERGY- The energy an object has
due to its motion.
• POTENTIAL ENERGY-Stored energy That
results from the position or shape of an object.
• For example, a car parked in a driveway has
potential energy. When the ignition is started and
it drives away, the car gains kinetic energy as it
moves.
FORMS OF ENERGY
• Mechanical energy- The form of energy associated with
the position and motion of an object. Mechanical energy
is matter in motion. An airplane soaring through the sky
has mechanical energy just like the wind or a flowing
river.
• Thermal energy- The total potential and kinetic energy
of the particles in an object. Thermal energy comes from
the motion of tiny particles in matter. The faster the
particles move, the warmer the matter can get.
Examples of thermal energy are stoves and matches.
• Electrical energy- The energy of electric charges.
Electrical energy is the movement of charged particles,
negative (-) and positive (+). It can come from batteries
or power plants and it can also be found in nature.
Power plants burn fuel to make electricity which is then
sent to homes and businesses through wires.
FORMS OF ENERGY
• Chemical energy- Chemical energy is stored in
the particles that make up food, fuel and other
matter. The food you eat gives chemical energy
which allows you to walk, run and move.
• Nuclear energy- Nuclear energy is formed
when tiny particles called atoms split apart
(fission) or join together (fusion). The Sun’s
energy is produced from nuclear reaction.
• Electromagnetic energy- The sunlight that you
see each day is electromagnetic energy.
Electromagnetic energy travels in waves. These
waves have some electrical properties and
some magnetic properties.
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
• Transfer of energy is called energy
transformation
• Most forms of energy can be transformed
into other forms.
• Some energy changes involve one
transformation while others involve many
transformations.
• Single
Transformations
• Multiple
Transformations
• A toaster transforms electrical
energy to thermal energy to
toast your bread.
• The mechanical energy used
to strike a match is
transformed first to thermal
energy. The thermal energy
causes the particles in the
match to release stored
chemical energy, which is
transformed to thermal energy
and electromagnetic energy
you see as light.
• A cell phone transforms
electrical energy to
electromagnetic energy that
travels to other phones.
• Your body transforms the
chemical energy in your food
to mechanical energy you
need to move your muscles.
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
• The law of conservation of
energy states that energy
cannot be destroyed or
created.
Fossil Fuels
• Fuels (coal, oil, natural gas, etc.) that
result from the compression of ancient
plant and animal life formed over millions
of years.
• A fuel is a material that contains stored
potential energy.
• Fossil Fuels contain energy that came
from the sun, then certain living things
transform some of it to chemical energy.