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Transcript
Unit III Energy Physical Science Forms of Energy Energy is the ability to do work • Measured in Joules (J) just like work • All matter has energy General Forms of Energy 1. Kinetic Energy: KE = ½ m v2 The energy of motion. Anything that is moving has kinetic energy. Do these people have KE? 2. Potential Energy: PE = mgh Energy that is stored or is not being used yet Do these things have PE? How to change KE • Change the mass or velocity of an object • If velocity is doubled, KE is quadrupled Types of PE Gravitational PE: depends on how high off the ground an object is. * the greater the height and mass the object has the more Gravitational PE it has Elastic PE: the ability of an object to rebound to its original shape or size (we don’t have to calculate this one) Types of Energy 1. Mechanical: Energy of everyday objects (anything with mass and volume) 2. Chemical Energy: energy that is stored in chemical bonds 3. Electromagnetic Energy: energy that is related to charge and magnetic poles 4. Thermal Energy: energy that is based on the internal motion of particles in an object (Heat and temperature) 5. Nuclear Energy: energy that is contained in the nucleus. Released when strong and weak nuclear forces are overcome Energy Conversion • When energy is transferred between one type and another. Example: burning gasoline transfers chemical potential into thermal energy Energy Conversion • In a perfect situation, the total energy in a conversion is conserved. • Total Energy is all of the PE and KE of a situation added together. • KE1 + PE1 = KE2 + PE2 KE and Friction • Friction slows an object down therefore it reduces the amount of kinetic energy • Increases the amount of Thermal Energy Practice Problem 1. A 0.15 kg ball is thrown into the air and rises to a height of 20.0 m. How much kinetic energy did the ball have initially? 2. A 1.25 kg steel ball with a kinetic energy of 0.25 J rolls along a horizontal track. How high up an inclined track will the ball roll if friction can be ignored? Renewable vs. Non Renewable • Renewable: forms of energy that can reproduce fast enough with use • Nonrenewable: energy that cannot reproduce itself
