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The Greek Envoys
asked every Greek city
for “Earth and Water”
this meant that they
would accept Darius
control.
Darius assembled an
army of 90,000
including archers,
infantry and
cavalrymen. He also
had 600 triremes
(boats)
The Persians arrived in
Attica after burning
down Naxos. Hippias
advised the Persians
to fight at Marathon
because it was flat.
10 generals were put
in charge of Athens
army and when the
Spartans did not come
the Plateans (another
Greek city) helped.
The Persians charged
the Athenian centre
and it crumbled. It
looked as if the Greeks
were going to lose.
Athens sent 20 ships
to help the Ionian
revolt. They wanted to
help the people of
Naxos establish a
democracy.
The Greek Phalanx
were strong and they
began to inflict heavy
losses on the Persian
infantry. The close
fighting meant that
the archers and
cavalry could not join
in.
The Persians retreated
after they realised
their superior
numbers were
ineffective against the
Greek Phalanx. The
Persians lost 6000
men and the Greeks
only lost a few 100.
The Athenians helped
Aristagoras destroy
Sardis. They burnt the
city to the ground.
The 10 generals spoke
to the Athenian
people. The people
wanted to give “Earth
and Water.”
Militiades stood up
and convinced the
Athenians to fight.
The Athenians and
their Platean allies
regrouped after the
middle fell. The wings
turned around to
surround the Persian
troops.
When the battle
started Datis lined up
the Persian army in a
long line and deep
columns. He hoped to
use his superior
numbers. Militiades
decided to gamble on
having a weak centre
and strong wings.
Datis and Artaphernes
were put in charge of
the Persian army.
They burnt down
Naxos in revenge for
the Ionian revolt.
When the Persians
arrived at Marathon
they sent Pheippides
to Sparta for help.
Sparta told them they
could not help
because of a religious
ceremony.
Darius wanted
revenge for the
burning of Sardis so he
sent envoys to all of
the Greek cities.
Athens and Sparta
refused to give “Earth
and Water”. Hippias
(the ex tyrant of
Athens) and
Demaratus (the ex
King of Sparta) join
Darius.