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Respiratory Anatomy 1/27/00 Anatomical Planes Coronal Superior Sagittal Transverse Inferior Respiratory System • Respiration: exchange of gas between an organism & its environment. • Inspiration: Inhalation; drawing air into the lungs • Expiration: The expulsion of air from the lungs • Alveoli: Minute air sacs within the lung tissue Airway Nasal Cavity Oral Cavity Larynx Lungs Diaphragm Respiratory System • What is included in the respiratory system used for speech? –Rib cage –Diaphragm –Abdomen –Contents of RC & AB Appendicular Skeleton -Upper & Lower Extremities Support of Respiration Axial Skeleton -Trunk & head Support of Respiration • Bony Thorax – Vertebrae & Vertebral Column – Pectoral Girdle – Ribs & Attachments to Vertebral Column • scapula & clavicle – Sternum – Pelvic Girdle • • • • ischium pubic bone sacrum ilium Vertebral Column C1-C7 T1-T12 L1-L5 Cervical Vertebrae Thoracic Vertebrae Lumbar Vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx Pelvic Girdle Illiac Crest Ilium Sacrum Pubis Coccyx Pubic Symphysis Ischium Pectoral Girdle Clavicle Sternum Scapula Ribs & Ribcage True Ribs Thorax Sternum False Ribs Costal Cartilage Floating Ribs Ribs & Rib Cage • Thorax: 12 pair of ribs • Rib Components: – Head (articulating surface) – Neck – Angle (curve) – Shaft (largest; anterior) • Rib Cage: – provides attachments (muscles) • muscles provide: Strength, rigidity, continuity, & mobility Ribs • Three general classes: – True ribs- upper ribs (1-7), attach to sternum, cartilaginous attachment – False ribs- (8,9,10), attach to sternum via cartilage running superior – Floating ribs- (11,12), articulate with vertebral column only. • Characteristics: – cartilage (chondral) attachment can be torqued • strength and movement Thoracic Expansion Vertical Transverse Anteroposterior Lateral/ Anteroposterior Thoracic Expansion Diaphragm Aponeurosis Muscle Relaxed Expanded Diaphragm/ Abdominal Movement Diaphragm Abdominal Wall Pelvis Pelvis Inhalation Exhalation Respiratory System: Components Chest Wall Rib Cage Mediastinum Diaphragm Viscera Abdominal Wall Pulmonary System Left Bronchus Trachea Alveolar Air Sacs Right Bronchus Relative Sizes of: A. RiB Cage Without Lungs attached B. Rib Cage with Lungs Attached C. Lungs Without Rib cage Attached Partial Vacuum Pulmonary System • Trachea: – Flexible tube – 11 cm in length, 16-20 hyaline cartilage rings – Rings are 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter (smooth muscle) – Divides at Carina Trachea & becomes mainstream bronchi (bronchial tubes) • Serve right and left lung Bronchi Structure Trachea Mainstem Bronchi Alveoli Carina Alveoli/ Capillary Bed Alveoli Terminal Bronchiole Capillary Bed Alveolar Duct Alveolus