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RIBCAGE The human ribcage is part of the axial skeleton and consists of the 12 pairs of rib bones that project anteriorly from their corresponding thoracic vertebrae to which they attach. Anterior View At the thoracic vertebrae, the heads of the rib bones articulate with the costal demi-facets of two adjacent vertebrae – one above and one below. The 1st through 7th ribs are referred to as true ribs or vertebrosternal ribs. They are attached via the costal cartilage to the sternum at the anterior and to the costal processes of the thoracic vertebrae at the posterior. The 8th through 10th ribs are referred to as false ribs as they have no direct attachment to the sternum, but still attach to the costal cartilage. The 11th and 12th ribs are referred to as floating ribs because they attach to the thoracic vertebrae only, with no anterior attachment to the costal cartilage. Posterior View The costal cartilage affords a limited amount of movement in the ribs as they are expanded by the intercostal muscles during respiration. Lateral View R. Lateral View