Download Anatomical Positions, Body Planes, and Directional Terms

Bellwork
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Write down at least 5 conditions/diseases using
the word roots, prefixes, and suffixes you
learned last week.
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e.g. Osteo + oma= Osteoma
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Don’t use Osteoma
Vocabulary
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Hyperbole (n)- an exaggerated statement done for an effect
Complacent (adj) {Complacency (n)}- when one becomes self-satisfied and
unconcerned, regardless of the dangers around; laziness about your position
Sadist (n) {Sadistic or Sadism}- someone who receives sexual gratification by giving
pain to another
Masochist (n) {Masochistic or Masochism}- someone who receives sexual gratification
by giving him/herself pain
Sanctimonious (adj)- pretending to be holy or pious when you are not; hypocrite
Catharsis (n) {Cathartic (adj)}- a release of any type of pent-up emotions (anger,
sadness, pain) resulting in feeling better.
Incredulous (adj)- skeptical; unable to believe something that is offered as true.
Cipher (n)- a nobody, a non-entity
Quid pro quo (Latin)- one service in exchange for another (i.e. tick for tack or I
scratch your back….)
Regions of Body
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Tarsal= Ankle
Plantar= Bottom of Foot
Brachial= Upper Arm
Calcaneal=Heel
Antebrachial= Forearm
Carpal=Wrist
Coxal= Hip
Femoral= Thigh
Patellar= Anterior Kneecap
Popliteal= Posterior Kneecap
Crural= Anterior Lower Leg
Sural= Posterior Lower Leg
Fibular= Lateral Lower Leg
Acromial= Top of Shoulder
Digital= Fingers and Toes
Deltoid= Lateral Shoulder
Pubic= Genitalia
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Occipital= Back of Head
Sternal= Anterior Chest
Cervical= Neck
Scapular= Shoulder Blade
Vertebral= Spine
Lumbar= Lower Back
Gluteal= Buttocks
Frontal = Forehead
Orbital= Eyes
Nasal= Nose
Oral= Mouth
Thoracic= Whole Chest
Cephalic= Head
Axillary= Armpit
Abdominal= Abdomen
Umbilical= Belly Button
Pelvic= Region below belly button
Inguinal= Crack b/t abdomen and hip
Anatomical Positions, Body Planes,
and Directional Terms
Anatomical Pairs
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There are 4 sets of anatomical pairs (8 terms)
These terms may be used alone or with their
pair to describe its relative location
1. Anterior/Posterior
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Anterior means the front aspect of an item
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Posterior means the back aspect of an item
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The face is the anterior aspect of the head
The hood is the anterior aspect of a car
The spine is the posterior aspect of the body
The trunk is the posterior part of a car
You can use anterior/posterior to compare two items on the
body
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e.g. The belly button is anterior to the spine
e.g. The back of the head is posterior to the nose
Anterior/Posterior may be used anywhere in body.
2. Superior/Inferior
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Superior means the higher part of something
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Inferior means the lower part of something
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The floor is the inferior part of a house
Inferior/Superior may be used together to compare the
location of an organ.
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The scalp is the superior part of the head
The roof is the superior part of a house
The nose is superior to the mouth
The genitalia is inferior to the lungs
Superior/Inferior should only be used in the head and trunk
of the body
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Not in the arms and legs (extremities)
3. Proximal/Distal
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Proximal means closer to the trunk of body
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Distal means farther from the trunk of body
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The hip is the proximal part of the thigh
The shoulders is the proximal part of the arm
The ankle is the distal part of the leg
The fingers are the distal part of the leg
Proximal/Distal may be used to compare two areas of the
body
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The shoulder is proximal to the elbow
The Elbow is proximal to the Fingers
The foot is distal to the knee
The fingers are distal to the shoulder
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Applies only to upper and lower extremities (arms and legs)
4. Medial/Lateral
Medial means closer to the midline of the body, or
the inner part of something
 Lateral means farther from the midline of the body,
or the outer part of something
 These, too, may be used to compare two items on
the body
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The right ear is distal (“farther from midline”) to the right
nostril
The left breast is proximal to the left shoulder
Medial/Lateral is only used on two body parts on the same
side of the body
You would never say “the left ear is lateral to right eye”
Anatomical Position
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Anatomical Position is the body
posture used to compare
anatomical parts in relation to each
other.
In this position the person faces
forward, arms to the side, palms
facing forward, toes straight ahead.
No matter how the patient is
actually placed, the position and
relationship of structures is
described as if patient is still in
anatomical position.
Rule of Thumb: Always look down
on your own body when noting the
location of an organ, not at me or
what is on the screen.
Exercise
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Think of your own anatomical relation
Body Cavities
Body Cavities
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The body has 2 main cavities
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1) Ventral
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Ventral=Anterior
2) Dorsal
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Dorsal= Posterior or Back
Ventral Cavity
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The ventral cavity is on
the anterior aspect of the
body
It is one large cavity but
normally is divided into
two sections
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1) Thorax
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This includes all the organs
superior to the diaphragm
Heart, Lungs, Major Blood
Vessels (Mediastinum)
Ventral Cavity (cont)
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2) The 2nd section of the
Ventral Cavity is the
Abdomen
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The abdomen contains all
organs inferior to diaphragm
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Includes liver, Stomach,
Gallbladder, Spleen, Small and
Large Intestines, Bladder,
Uterus
The diaphragm, a thin muscle
used for breathing, separates
the thorax from the abdomen.
Dorsal Cavity
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Dorsal Cavity
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The dorsal cavity is on the
posterior part of the body
It is the long, thin cavity
that contains Brain and
Spinal Cord
“Dorsal” means back
Chest X-Ray
Lateral View of Thorax
Abdominal Cavity (Lateral View)
Abdominal Organs
Organs in which quadrants?
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Think of anatomical position
Liver
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Rt Upper Quadrant
Gallbladder
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Rt Upper Quadrant
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Stomach
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Lt Upper Quadrant
Appendix
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It is inferior to the liver
Liver/Gall Bladder end in “r”. “R” means
right.
Rt Lower Quadrant
Small and Large Intestines?
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All Quadrants!! They are 18-20 feet long!
Body Planes
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The human body is cut
into 3 main planes to
identify different sections
of the body.
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Transverse Line: Cut at
waist separates body into
Superior and Inferior
Sections
Midsagittal Line: Cut at
midline of body to
separate body into right
& left halves.
Body Planes
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Coronal Line: Cut body
at midcoronal line to
separate body into
anterior and posterior
sections.
Directional Terms
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1.
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2.
Abduct-Move away from
midline
Adduct-Move back to
midline of body
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Prone-Lie on your belly
Supine-Lie on your back
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Flexion-Decreases angle
b/t two parts
Extension-Increases the
angle b/t two parts
Inversion- Turn foot
toward the midline
(sagittal) of body
Eversion-Turn foot away
from midline
Index Cards
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Transverse Line
Midsagittal Line
MidCoronal Line
Abduct/adduct
Flex/extension
Supine/prone
Eversion/inversion
Quadrants of liver, gall
bladder, stomach, appendix
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Locate
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Ventral Cavity
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Thoracic Cavity
Abdominal Cavity
Dorsal Cavity
Diaphragm
Describe what is the
anatomical position
Provide anatomical relations
(e.g. sup/inf, ant/post, etc)