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Throat, Thorax, and Visceral Conditions Chapter 10 Pharynx, Larynx, and Esophagus • Pharynx- Connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus. (Throat) • Larynx- Contains the vocal cords. • Esophagus- Carries liquids and foods from the throat to the stomach. Trachea • Extends from the inferior larynx through the neck to the midthorax. Then divides into left and right bronchial tubes. • Formed by c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage. • Opens to allow food to pass through, and constricts to expel mucus with coughing. Blood Vessels • Common carotid arteries • Left and right subclavian arteries Thorax • Sternum – Manubrium: articulates 1st and 2nd ribs – Body: articulates 2nd through 7th ribs – Xiphoid • Ribs: – 1-7 connect costal cartilage to bone – 8-10 connect to costal cartilage of superior ribs – 11-12 known as floating ribs as they don’t attach anteriorly to any surface • Costal Cartilage • Thoracic Vertebrae Bronchial Tree and Lungs • Bronchial tubes extend downward from the trachea • Alveoli-Exchange oxygen between the lungs and the capillaries Heart • 4 chambers • Right side pumps blood to the lungs • Left side receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps it into the systemic circulation. • Atria-simultaneously contract pushing blood into• Ventricles- contract simultaneously pushing blood into lungs and systemic circulatory circuit. Heart continued… • Atrioventricular valves: prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria. • Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary artery into the ventricles. Muscles of the Thorax • • • • • • • Pectoralis Minor: Scapula forward and downward Serratus Anterior: Protraction and rotation of scapula Subclavius: Stabilizes shoulder girdle Levator Scapulae: Lateral flexion of neck Trapezius: Elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula Rhomboids: Retracts, and rotates scapula External and Internal Intercostals: Elevate and depress rib cage • Diaphragm: Inspiration Pelvic Girdle and Abdominal Cavity • • • • Sacrum Ilium Ischium Pubis Visceral Organs • • • • • • Stomach: Digestion of food Liver: Gallbladder: Stores bile on way to small intestine Spleen: Kidneys: Cleanse and filter the blood Ureters: Connect kidneys to the urinary bladder Throat Injuries • Lacerations • Contusions • Fractures Thoracic Injuries • • • • • • • Stitch in the side Breast contusions Runners nipples Gynecomastia Pectoralis muscle strain Costochondral Sternal and Rib fractures Internal Injuries • • • • • • • Hyperventilation Pulmonary Contusion Pneumothorax Hemothorax Tension Pneumothorax Traumatic Asphyxia Heart Injuries • Sudden Death in Athletes • Athletic Heart Syndrome Abdominal Wall Conditions • • • • Skin wounds and contusions Muscle strains Solar plexus contusion Hernias Intra-abdominal Injuries • • • • • Splenic rupture Liver Contusion and Rupture Appendicitis Kidney Injuries Bladder Injuries
