Download Chapter 2

PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DEMANDS OF PERFORMANCE
FATIGUE AND STRESS
Fatigue
Stress
‘Feeling of extreme
physical or mental
tiredness’
‘Stress is the body’s
reaction to change that
requires a physical,
mental, or emotional
adjustment’
Concentration, skill
level will decrease &
muscle fatigue will
occur
Excitement or suspense
can lead to tension,
anxiety can cause
uneasy/ apprehensive/
nervousness/ motivation
will decrease
INJURY
Common Injuries:
-
Head injuries – coma position, able to breathe, clear mouth and nose
o Concussion can occur from head injuries: loss of consciousness, very relaxed limbs,
dilated pupils
Fractures – broken bones – upper/ lower limbs
Hypothermia – rapid cooling of the body
Cuts – clean and dress
-
Precautions:
-
A risk assessment should be carried out
Warm ups
All rules or codes of conduct should be
clear
Internally caused injuries
Externally caused injuries



Overuse injuries
(stress fracture and
tennis elbow)
Sudden injuries



Foul play or
incorrect actions
Impact injuries
Equipment/ clothing
Accidents
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DEMANDS OF PERFORMANCE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
‘Air is taken in through the mouth or nose and travels to
the lungs where gaseous exchange occurs’
AEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
Exercising in the presence of oxygen:
Exercising in the absence of oxygen:
Glucose + oxygen – energy + carbon dioxide + water
Glucose – energy – lactic acid
OXYGEN DEBT
-
BREATHING PROCESS
IN
The diaphragm flattens
OUT
Intercostal muscles contract
The diaphragm becomes more dome
shaped
Intercostal muscles relax
Cavity becomes larger
Cavity becomes smaller
Reduce the pressure inside and
causes air to be sucked into the lungs
Pressure inside increases causing air
to rush out of the lungs
Gaseous exchange: the process where oxygen is taken in from the air in exchange for carbon
dioxide and this happens in the alveoli
Muscles respire anaerobically during vigorous
exercise
- We use our glycogen stores to supply energy
- We can only respire anaerobically for a maximum
of 60 seconds
- We borrow energy during this time which builds
up a debt that we have to repay
- This causes a build-up of lactic acid
THE RECOVERY PERIOD
-
Expiration of breath
Perspiration
Excretion through urine and faeces
NOTE: The blood carries oxygen, glucose and waste products and this are transported around the body
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DEMANDS OF PERFORMANCE
72
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
-
Functions:
-
The blood carries oxygen, water and nutrients throughout
the body and transports and removes the waste
- Protection to fight infection, blood can clot to seal cuts
System that consists of the heart, blood vessels that
circulate blood and transports oxygen around the body
Cardiovascular endurance: The ability of the heart and lungs to
supply oxygen for a prolonged period of time
When taking part in physical activity you will notice the following:
-
Increase in breathing rate
- Increase in heart rate
- Increase in blood pressure
Testing and improving your cardiovascular endurance
-
Thick walls
High pressure
Oxygenated
-
Link arteries to
veins
Deoxygenated
Thinner walls
Less Elastic
The graph shows the levels your pulse rate should be raised to relative to your age: MHR 220-age
How to test?
-
-
Resting pulse rate
Pulse recovery rate