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Animal Organization and Homeostasis 15.1 Types of tissues What is tissue? Two or more cells of the same type performing a common function Four types of tissue Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous What is epithelial tissue? Characteristics Cell rich Avascular Basal vs. apical side (polarity) Basement membrane Cell shapes Squamous Columnar cuboidal What types of epithelium are there? Types Simple Stratified Glandular Exocrine Endocrine What is connective tissue? Characteristics Cell poor Matrix rich Collagen Elastin Reticular fibers Vascular (with exceptions) Cyte vs. blast What are the types of connective tissue? Adipose Loose CT Dense CT Lacunae Chondro- Bone Fibro- Cartilage Fibro- Osteo- Blood Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets What is muscular tissue? Responds to stimulus Contracts Myo- Three types Skeletal (voluntary) Cardiac (involuntary) Smooth (involuntary) What is nervous tissue? Also responds to stimulus Sends signals Two types of cells Neuroglia Neurons Animal Organization and Homeostasis 15.2 Body cavities and homeostasis What are body cavities? Regions of body Two cavities Dorsal Brain Spinal cord Ventral Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic What are the organ systems of the body? Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Immune Urinary Digestive Respiratory Reproductive What is homeostasis? Body’s tendency to maintain internal set points Negative feedback Most common Solution state is opposite of problem state What is a positive feedback loop? Positive feedback Rare Solution state heightens problem state Child birth Fever Blood clotting Animal Organization and Homeostasis 15.3 Anatomical position and terms What are some anatomical terms for position/location? Anatomical position: left is right and right is left! Position descriptions Supine, prone Ventral, dorsal Anterior, posterior Superior, inferior Medial, lateral medial Lateral Proximal, distal proximal distal comparison Superficial, deep What are the anatomical planes? Sagittal Midsagittal Parasagittal What are the anatomical planes? Frontal What are the anatomical planes? Transverse What are the body cavities? Dorsal body cavity Cranial cavity: cranium and stuff inside Vertebral cavity: vertebral column and stuff inside What are the body cavities? Ventral body cavity Diaphragm divides thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities Thoracic: mediastinum divides left from right What kinds of membranes line cavities? Meninges: lines brain and spinal cord What kinds of membranes line cavities? Serous membrane: no outside opening Inner: visceral layer Outer: parietal layer In between: cavity filled with serous fluid Thoracic: pleurae and pericardium Abdominopelvic: peritoneum What kinds of membranes line cavities? Mucous membrane: outside opening Examples?