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Human Biology Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht Chapter 4 Organization and Regulation of Body Systems Lecture Outline Part 3 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects 4. Epithelial tissue • • • • • It is a group of cells that forms a tight, continuous network. It _____ body cavities, _______ body surfaces, and is found in glands. Cells are anchored by a ____________________ on one side and free on the other side. It is named after the appearance of cell layers and the shape of the cells. There is transitional epithelium that changes in appearance in response to ________. 2 4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects How do we name epithelial tissue? • Number of cell layers • _________ (one layer of cells) • _______________ (appears to have multiple layers but only has one layer) • __________ (more than one layer of cells) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Simple Figure 4.7a. Shapes of epithelial cells. 3 4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects How do we name epithelial tissue? • Shape of cell • • • ________ (cube-shaped) _________ (column-shaped) _________ (flattened) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Pseudostratified columnar Figure 4.7b. Shapes of epithelial cells. 4 4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects What does epithelial tissue look like? Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Simple squamous • Lining of lungs, Blood vessels • protects basement membrane Simple cuboidal • lining kidney tubules, various glands • absorbs molecules Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. basement membrane © Ed Reschke Simple columnar • lining of small intestine, oviducts • absorbs nutrients Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar • lining of trachea • sweeps impurities towards that Stratified squamous • lining of nose, mouth, esophagus, anal canal, vagina • protects cilia goblet cell secretes mucus basement membrane Figure 4.8. The basic types of epithelial cells. goblet cell secretes mucus basement membrane basement membrane © Ed Reschke 5 4.6 Integumentary System The integumentary system • It includes the _____ and accessory organs such as hair, nails, and glands. • The skin has 2 main regions called the _________ and the _______. • Under the skin there is a ___________________ between the dermis and internal structures where fat is stored. • It is important for maintaining homeostasis. 6 4.6 Integumentary System What are the functions of the integumentary system? 1. It __________ the body from physical trauma, invasion by pathogens, and water loss. 2. It helps regulate ________________. 3. It allows us to be _______ of our surroundings through _________ receptors. 4. It synthesizes chemicals such as melanin and ___________ 7 4.6 Integumentary System There are 2 regions of the skin • • Epidermis Dermis sweat pore stem cells Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. hair shaft Epidermis sensory receptor capillaries oil gland arrector pili muscle Dermis free nerve endings hair follicle hair root sweat gland artery vein nerve Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) adipose tissue Figure 4.9. Anatomy of human skin. 8 4.6 Integumentary System The epidermis • • • • • • It is the thin, outermost layer of the skin. It is made of epithelial tissue. Cells in the uppermost layers are dead and become filled with keratin, thus acting as a _____________________. Langerhans cells are a type of white blood cells that help fight pathogens. ______________ produce melanin that lend to skin color and protection from UV light. Some cells convert cholesterol to vitamin D. 9 4.6 Integumentary System The dermis • It is the thick________ layer of the skin. • It is made of __________________________. • It contains elastic and collagen fibers. • It contains blood vessels, many sensory receptors, and glands. 10 4.6 Integumentary System Where are skin cells keratinized? flattened and dead cells Epidermis Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. cells undergoing keratinization dermal projection Dermis stem cells and melanocytes © John D. Cunningham/Visuals Unlimited Figure 4.10. A light micrograph of human skin. 11 4.6 Integumentary System What you need to know about skin cancer? • 2 of the 3 types that arise in the epidermis • • _______________ is the most common yet least deadly form of skin cancer. ___________ is the most deadly form of skin cancer but is the least common. 12 4.6 Integumentary System What you need to know about skin cancer? • What can you do to help prevent this? • • • • Stay out of the sun between 10 A.M. and 3 P.M. Wear protective clothing (tight weave, treated sunglasses, wide-brimmed hat). Use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 that protects from UV-A and UV-B rays. Do not use tanning beds. 13 4.6 Integumentary System What might skin cancer look like? Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a. Basal cell carcinoma b. Melanoma a: © Ken Greer/Visuals Unlimited; b: © James Stevenson/SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc. Figure 4.11. Cancers of the skin. 14