Download How was the Solar System Formed?

Chapter 27
Planets
of the Solar System
Standards: 1b Students know the evidence from
Earth and Moon rocks indicates that the Solar
System was formed from a Nebula cloud of dust
and gas approximately 4.6 billion years ago
(bya). 1c Students know the evidence from
geological studies of Earth and other planets
suggest that the early Earth was very different
from Earth today.
Vocabulary
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Solar System: The Sun and all of the planets and
other bodies that travel around it.
Planet: any of the primary bodies that orbit the
Sun; a similar body that orbits another star.
Solar Nebula: a rotating cloud of dust and gas from
which the sun and planets formed; also any nebula
from which stars and planets form.
Planetismal: a small body from which a planet
originated in the early stages of development of the
solar system.
Learning Goals
SWBAT:
 Describe how the Solar System was formed.
 Compare early models of solar system
formation to recent models.
 Use Kepler’s law to show to orbits move.
 Compare contrast Early Earth to Present
Earth.
How was the Solar
System Formed?
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The Solar System consists of the Sun
and all the planets and other bodies
that orbit around it. Planets are large
bodies that orbit the sun.
1600-1700: Planetismal Theory
1796: Pierre-Simon marquis de
Laplace introduced Solar Nebula
Theory
Youtube:Formation of Solar System (Ignite)
Solar Nebula Theory
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Sun and Planets formed at about the same
time out of a cloud of rotating gas and dust
called a nebula.
Matter from the Universe gathers into cloud
5 bya: Cloud forms when a supernova
explodes. Under intense gravity and
pressure caused the center of the solar
nebula to become hotter and denser. At 10
million degrees fusion begins and the Sun is
formed. The sun is composed of 99% of the
matter from the solar nebula.
Our Solar System
Explosion of
Super nova
2. Cloud of dust and gas
condense and form
hot dense center:
Sun
3. Heavy materials left
over orbit the sun,
collide and form
innerplanets.
4. Gases float farther
away, frozen and
collide to form
outer Planets.
5. Planets orbit our sun
making up our
solar system.
1.
How did Planets Form?
While the Sun was
forming in the center
of the solar nebula
Planets were forming
in the outer
Regions.
Planetismals:small
Bodies from which
A planet originated.
Some Planetismals
collide and through
gravity form
Protoplanets.
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Formation of Inner
Planets
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Features of the newly formed planets
depends on the distance from the sun!
The four closest planets: Mercury,Venus,
Earth and Mars contain heavy elements
such as Iron and Nickel. Also called
Terrestrial Planets.
These planets lose their gases because
gravity is not strong enough to hold gas.
Dense Materials sink to the center of the
planets. The planets form layers.
Inner planets: Solid, Rocky , Dense, Hotter!
The Outer Planets
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Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
Formed in colder region of solar
nebula.
Far from the Sun and very cold!
Did not lose lighter elements such as
Hydrogen and Helium, or ice, methane
ice and ammonia ice.
Referred to as the gas planets, low
density. Jupiter, only 24% of Earth’s
density but 11 times the diameter
Solar System Review
Students always ask “How come Pluto
isn’t a Planet anymore”
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mt
KNH2Y2OJM&feature=fvw
Formation of Solid Earth
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Early Solid Earth: How did the Earth
form? What does differentiation have
to do with it?
How does the Present solid Earth
contribute to the Atmosphere.
Formation of Earth’s
Atmosphere
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What happened to Hydrogen and Helium
that were present in the early formation of
the Earth?
What role does the Solar Wind and Gravity
play in the atmosphere forming?
Describe the benefits of outgassing.
How does Ozone protect us?
How did early organisms increase the
amount of oxygen in the air?
Formation of the Oceans
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Where did the water from the oceans
come from?
Describe the process of Fresh water to
Salt water.
What are salt precipitates?
What are the effects of the
atmosphere from the oceans?
Section 2
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Models of the Solar
System
Geo-Centric Model: 2,000 years ago
Aristotle proposes Earth Centered
model of solar system.
Ptolemy’s Model:
Helio-Centric Model
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1543, Polish Astronomer, Nicholaus
Copernicus proposes Helio-Centric
Model.
Kepler’s Laws
Detailed observations of patterns of starst
through improved telescopes, led to Kepler’s
development of 3 laws.
1st Law: Law of Ellipses. States each planet
orbits the sun in an elliptical pattern.
Ellipse: a closed curve whose shape is
determined by 2 points,
foci.
Eccentricity: measure of the ellipse
Circular orbit e=0
2nd Law
Law of Equal Areas
Describes the speed of objects which
travel at different points in their orbits.
 Q: When do planets travel at their
fastest speed?
A: When they are closest to the Sun
A line from the center of the sund to the
center of the object sweeps through
equal areas in equal periods of time.
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3rd Law
Law of Periods
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Third law describes the relationship
between the average distance of a
planet from the sun and the orbital
period of the planet.
Orbital Period: the time it takes for a
planet to complete one orbit.
Distance measured in Astronomical
Units: AU
Animation: Kepler’s Laws
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http://www.physics.sjsu.edu/tomley/K
epler12.html