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Transcript
Chapter 30, Section 4 30.4 Satellites of Other Planets Introduction Until the 1600s, astronomers thought that Earth was the only planet with a moon. In 1610, Galileo discovered moons orbiting Jupiter. All planets in our solar system have moons, except Mercury and Venus. Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus have rings. Questions Which planets have moons? Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Which planets have rings? Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus Moons of Mars - Phobos Phobos orbits Mars in 7 hours 40 minutes 27km at widest, 19km at shortest point. Many craters, one is 8km across. Not spherical. Moons of Mars - Deimos Deimos orbits Mars in about 30 hours 15km at widest, 11km at shortest point Many craters What does a large number of craters suggest about the age of Phobos and Deimos? Question Name the two moons of Mars? Phobos and Deimos Ring and Moons of Jupiter Galilean moon any one of the four largest satellites of Jupiter—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto - that were discovered by Galileo in 1610 In addition to the four large moons discovered by Galileo, scientists have observed dozens of smaller moons around Jupiter. Of Jupiter’s four Galilean moons, three are larger than Earth’s moon. Jupiter has a single, thin ring made of microscopic particles that may have been given off by Io. Rings and Moons of Saturn Saturn has over 30 moons, but only five moons are fairly large. Saturn’s largest moon is Titan, which has a diameter of over 5,000 km. Saturn’s set of rings was discovered over 300 years ago. Each of the rings circling Saturn is divided into hundreds of small ringlets, which are then composed of billions of pieces of rock and ice. Question What are the names of the four moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo? How many are bigger than earth? Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto Three What is the name of Saturn’s largest moon? Titan Satellites of Uranus Uranus’s four largest moons, Oberon, Titania, Umbriel, and Ariel, were known by the mid-1800’s. A fifth moon, Miranda, was discovered in 1948. Scientists now know that Uranus has over two dozen moons. Uranus also has a dozen thin rings. Satellites of Neptune Neptune has at least eight moons. One of these moons, Triton, revolves around Neptune in a retrograde orbit. Neptune’s relatively small number of rings are clumpy rather than thin and uniform. Satellites of Pluto The relationship between Pluto and its moon Charon is unusual because Charon is almost half the size of Pluto itself. Because Pluto and Charon are similar in size, some scientists consider them to be a doubleplanet system. Charon completes one orbit around Pluto in 6.4 days, the same length of time as a day on Pluto. Because of these equal lengths, Charon stays in the same place in Pluto’s sky. Questions What are the names of Uranus’s four largest moons? How many moons does Neptune have? Uranus’s four largest moons are Oberon, Titania, Umbriel, and Ariel At least 8 What is interesting between Pluto and Charon? Because Pluto and Charon are similar in size, some scientists consider them to be a double-planet system.