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Transcript
ASTRONOMY 8850: Planetary Sciences Why Sciences? How to do well in Planetary Sciences 1. show up to class … and be present 2. participate in class 3. get/borrow the book Planetary Sciences by de Pater and Lissauer 4. find course website: www.astro.gsu.edu/~thenry/PLANETS 5. find Icarus online (or in the library) 6. choose 3 planetary topic(s) you are most interested in --- start project EARLY 7. do homework --- Solar System Explorers, quizzes, etc. 8. NAIL THE SEMESTER PROJECT Solar System Explorers 01 Find Icarus online (or in the library). Choose an article relevant to one of your 3 topics. Print out the first page of the article. Turn in single page (with your name on it) at the beginning of class TUESDAY, January 20. Get 5 points in Solar System Explorers. Solar System Inventory • • • • • • • • • stars 1 planets 8 moons 172a ring systems 4 (+1?) minor planets 670,480 Centaurs 295 Trans-Neptunian Objects 1,644 comets 3,319b dust (JPL 2015 JAN 12) (JPL (JPL (JPL (JPL a 2015 JAN 12) 2015 JAN 12) 2015 JAN 12) 2015 JAN 12) add 5 for Pluto b any type Nomenclature • terrestrials Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars many moons • jovians gas giants Jupiter, Saturn ice giants Uranus, Neptune • minor planets asteroids Main Belt Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) Trojans (and Greeks and Hildas) Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) Plutinos (Classical) Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) Centaurs Scattered Disk Objects (SDOs) comets Solar Family How are they different? Jovians and Terrestrials Planet Spacing Planetary Sciences 8 Planet Orbits Planetary Sciences The 7 Dwarfs (+ interlopers) X X X Terrestrial Planet Surface Surface Variability Planetary Sciences 12 Jovian Planet “Surface” …we can land/work on surfaces Planetary Sciences Planet Characteristics Characteristic location spacing mass size density composition surface albedo rotation magnetics moons rings Terrestrial 0.4-1.5 AU close 0.05-1.0 Earths 0.4-1.0 Earth radii 3.9-5.5 g/cm3 rocky solid 0.1-0.7 slow none/weak none/few none Jovian 5.2-30.1 AU wide 14.5-318 Earths 3.9-11.2 Earth radii 0.7-1.6 g/cm3 gaseous/icy any? 0.4-0.5 fast strong (integrated) many all obliquities (tilts) bizarre bar magnets Planetary Sciences 17 magnetospheres Earth’s is strongest terrestrial surface mag field = 0.3 G mag moment = 8x1025 G/cm3 enough to protect us from charged particles Mercury’s, Ganymede’s wimpy Venus?, Io, Europa, Callisto induced Mars’ patchy crustal Jupiter’s is strongest jovian surface mag field = 4.3 G mag moment = 20000X Earths Io plasma torus complicates affects all Galilean satellites Sat/Ura/Nep surface mag fields similar strength to Earth’s Jupiter’s magnetotail Planetary Sciences trends in the Solar System size with distance from the Sun composition with distance spacing of planets with distance # moons with planet mass magnetic fields with mass rotation speeds with mass non-trends in the Solar System surface gravities not radically different obliquities do not behave 7 large moons are worlds of their own: Moon, Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Titan, Triton …………………………