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Astronomy 100 Jupiter & Solar System Review • Now: Think of a question you have about the outer solar system: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. I WILL ASK YOU FOR IT LATER! • Main concepts: – Go over Charting the Moon – Jupiter and Saturn – Basic Facts about Planets – If time … Uranus and Neptune • Vocabulary: Mary’s Violet Eyes Made John Stay Up Nights Period Know • 1 Learned Want to Know • 2 • 3 Know • Big red spot: storm – 400 years • Big planet: rings • Layers (stripes) • Layers top/bottom • Stuff moves • BIG, GINORMOUS • No solids ground? • Big magnetic field? • Hydrogen/Helium Want to Know • • • • • • • • • How long will the Red Spot Last? How did the giant planets get there in the first place? How do we know what the atmospheres are made of? How do we know that compounds are in an atmosphere, and not their components? Is/was there life on the giant planets or their moons? What makes the colors? Do the colors/stripes change over time? RINGS?!?!?!??!?!?!?! Temperature? • • • • • • Learned Gassy Farther away Largest in our Solar System Neptune and Uranus are blue All have rings Neptune and Uranus are icey • How long will the Red Spot Last? 400 yrs+??? • How did the giant planets get there in the first place? – Coalesced out of the protoplanetary disk. • How do we know what the atmospheres are made of? – Spectra. • How do we know that compounds are in an atmosphere, and not their components? • Molecules absorb differently than elements. • Is/was there life on the giant planets or their moons? – Planets – no – Moons – Europa, Callisto, Io, Enceladus, Titan • What makes the colors? – Composition – Sulfur, Water, • Do the colors/stripes change over time? yes • RINGS?!?!?!??!?!?!?! ice • Temperature? Temperature? • Jupiter – -145C Cloud tops – 21C (room temp) deeper down – 10 atmospheres – 24000C middle – Giving off heat, but only what it had to start with • Saturn – -175C cloud tops – Gives off heat Temperature? • Uranus – -215C top – 2300C in the “ocean” – 7000C core • Neptune – -214C top – 4200C “ocean” – 12600C core Mercury • • • • HOT – close to the Sun Small – smallest of the Terrestrials Craters No atmosphere Venus • HOT HOT HOT – greenhouse effect – Could melt lead at the surface • Same size as Earth • Atmosphere – thick and toxic Earth • Liquid Water • Life Mars • COLD – further from the Sun • Smaller than Earth • Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere – less atmosphere, further from the Sun • No life that we can see …. • Solid Water – ice • Liquid water – a little, sometimes, some places • Water Vapor – clouds/snow Jupiter • Huge • Made of Gas – H, He, water, methane, ammonia • Red Spot – storm • Rings – we don’t see very well • Kerjillions of moons Saturn • Huge, but smaller then Jupiter • Made of Gas – H, He, water, methane, ammonia • Rings made of ice crystals • Kerjillions of moons • Both – Core – metallic Hydrogen? Uranus • Ice?! • Core (small) • Lot of moons • SIDEWAYS Neptune • • • • Ice?! Core (small) Lot of moons Dark Spot Pluto & the Kuiper Belt • Orbit inclined • Rock/lot of ice • 3 moons – Charon, Hydra, Nix • Quaoar, Haumea, MakeMake, Eris (Dysnomia) , Sedna • Dwarf Planets: Ceres, Pluto, Eris, Haumea, MakeMake Draw the Solar System IN ORDER • Answer Now: • What is a question you STILL have about Jupiter or Saturn?