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Religions of South Asia What is religion? • Belief system designed to give answers to life’s unknown questions – Existentialism • Who am I? • Why am I here? • Etc… The Religions of South Asia • Hinduism • Buddhism • Sikhism • Jainism Hinduism • Originated in India • Third largest world religion • Currently 920 million Hindus in the world – 890 million live in India • Hindu – Originated from the Sanskrit word meaning people of the Indus River Valley Writings of Hinduism • The Vedas and Upanishads – Vedas • Contains eternal truths revealed to wise men – Upanishads • Helps explain the ideas of the Vedas Beliefs of Hinduism • Worship thousands of gods • Brahman – Single supreme force that each god is part of • The Three Main Gods – Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesha Siva More Beliefs of Hinduism • Reincarnation – Rebirth of the soul • Moksha – Freeing the soul to unite with brahman • Takes many lifetimes to achieve • Karma – Every deed affects a person’s fate The Caste System • Based on Reincarnation and Karma • Strict social and religious order • Dharma – Duties and obligations of the caste system • Past lives affect a persons caste Buddhism • Reform Movement from Hinduism – 600 B.C. – Started by Siddhartha Guatama • Seeks to understand the cause of human misery Siddhartha Guatama The Teachings of Buddha • Buddha – Means Enlightened One • Honorary name for Siddhartha Guatama • Four Truths – Suffering is universal – Cause of suffering is desire – To end suffering one must crush desire – Follow the Eightfold Path to end desire The Eightfold Path • Practical Guide to Right of Conduct • Achieve Nirvana – The condition of wanting nothing • Buddha’s ideas compiled into the Three Baskets of Wisdom Jainism • One of the worlds oldest religions • Currently 4.2 million in the world • Believe in the immediate consequences of ones actions • Closely connected to Buddhism Jainism • Mahavira is the founder of Jainism • Emphasize ahimsa – Non-violence Birth of Mahavira Sikhism • So who are the Sikh's? – Founded 500 years ago – Followed by about 20 million people – 5th largest religion in the world • Monotheistic • Main belief is to break the cycle of life and death to merge with God. – Can be followed by listening to the Guru • Religious teacher A Look at the Sikhs Homework Study