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Do Now 11 “The word renaissance means rebirth. This stood for the rebirth of European greatness rather than chaos. This was the time in history that Europe was pulled out of the dark ages.” Aim- What is the renaissance? Term to know- Humanism Starts in Italy, focus on individual, rebirth in antiquity (INTEREST IN GREEK AND ROMAN IDEAS), Humanism Artists focus on realism, human emotion, and perspective Artists of the Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael started by Martin Luther because he was against the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church Martin Luther writes his 95 Theses Luther refuses to recant his views Christianity breaks into many different denominations Catholic Church starts Counter-Reformation to clean up the Catholic Church Ends religious unity in Europe German Monk 1500s 95 Theses protest RCC corruption; sale of indulgences Vernacular Reformation occurs Council of Trent Johann Gutenberg develops printing press for western Europe Books become cheaper Number of books increase Literacy and education increases in western Europe Base your answers to questions and on the illustration below and on your knowledge of social studies. 38-Which concept is most closely related to the main idea of the illustration? (1) isolation (2) armed conflict (3) cultural diffusion (4) urbanization Answer the following question using the following diagram: 41-Based on the information in this illustration, which statement about the society of ancient Egypt is accurate? (1) The women had equal status to the men. (2) The social structure was hierarchical. (3) Social mobility was unrestricted. (4) Soldiers outnumbered farmers. 50- Which type of government is shown in the cartoon? 1. 2. 3. 4. a socialist republic an absolute monarchy a communist dictatorship a democracy Explain the Neolithic Revolution 2. Compare and contrast the views of the afterlife between Mesopotamia and Egypt. Give reasons how the floods had an effect on this. 3. Compare and contrast the geography of Italy and Greece? 4. Explain the term ethnocentric, and explain how the Chinese were known to be this way? 1. Do Now 6-9 12 “Absolute rulers were kings who had total power. They got this power from claiming divine right. Divine right to rule can be claimed by a ruler. This gives them the explanation that god gives them the right to rule” Aim- Who are some divine right monarchs? Final Exam Today “The Neolithic revolution changed the world by starting farming, domesticating animals and causing people to settle down. This also led to people settling down by rivers so they could use the rich fertile soil for farming.” Study for final- limited time 50 multiple choice- 5 short answers “Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro are two cities of India. They show that India had well planned cities that are similar to a present day city. This proved that these cities had good urban planning” Aim- Complete final exam Do Now “China was surrounded by natural barriers. These natural barriers caused China to become ethnocentric which means that they thought their ethnicity was better than everyone else” Aim- Finish Final Exam Geography – archipelago (chain of islands), mountainous, located in “ring of fire”, many volcanoes and earthquakes caused tsunamis Irregular coastline created many natural harbors Mountains caused a weak central government which led to feudalism Tsunamis and earthquakes caused people to worship the forces of nature, which led to religion of Shintoism Samurai followed a code of conduct called bushido, similar to chivalry followed by European knights Early Japan was influenced by China and Korea - - Korea Located on a peninsula Located between China and Japan Known as a Cultural Bridge between China and Japan Becomes known as Hermit Kingdom Location influences Korea’s history - Mongols Start out as nomadic tribes on steppes of Asia United by Genghis Khan Excel at warfare and horseback riding Create huge empire Pax Mongolia- golden age Isolate Russia and Mongol absolute rule serves as a model for later Russian rulers Golden Horde – Mongol Rule in Russia Mughal India – Mongol rule in India under Akbar the Great Yuan Dynasty – Mongol rule in China under Kublai Khan Mongols encourage trade on Silk Road Safety of empire allows for travels of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta The Americas were only used to make money for Spain Slaves were used to work in the Americas, first natives, then Africans were used. The middle passage was the voyage from Africa to the Americas Columbian Exchange- the exchange of things from Europe-> Africa-> Americas Absolute rulers were in Spain, France and Russia England had the Magna Carta and Parliament, which limited the kings power. This caused England to have a limited monarchy - - - Early Russia Heavily influenced by Byzantine Empire Isolated by Mongol invasions Develop Cyrillic Alphabet from Byzantine Monks Orthodox Christians Ivan the Great and Ivan the Terrible – BOTH ABSOLUTE RULERS Peter the Great and Catherine the Great both wanted to modernize/westernize and wanted warm water port French Absolute Monarch “I AM THE STATE” Sun King Divine Right Monarch Palace of Versailles** Power without limits Directions- list 5 key words with each question 1-Compare and contrast the views of the afterlife between Mesopotamia and Egypt. Give reasons how the floods had an effect on this. 2-Compare and contrast the geography of Italy and Greece.? 3-Explain the term ethnocentric, and explain how the Chinese were known to be this way? 4-Explain what an absolute ruler is and how they ruled? 5-Explain the Neolithic Revolution and how it changed the world? 6-Describe life during the Middle Ages. •5-11 –The Focus: 1 Neolithic Revolution is a major turning point in human history. Agriculture and the domestication of animals provided an alternative to hunting/ gathering which led to the formation of permanent settlements • Do Now: –What is a revolution? –Term to know-Agriculture -Mary Leakey believes human life began in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa The first people lived in the Paleolithic Era. -Paleolithic people were nomads (hunters and gatherers) -This time period was known as prehistory because it was before written records. The Neolithic Revolution was a great turning point in history. This event started farming, the domestication of animals, and small villages that eventually grew into cities and large civilizations. Impacts of Neolithic Revolution – Permanent Settlements, New Social Classes, New Technology, Basic Economic Structures Cities Government Organized Religion Art/Architecture Public Works Specialized Jobs Writing Social Classes In 5-6 sentences explain the life of a nomad during the Paleolithic Age In 5-6 sentences explain life after the Neolithic Revolution Focus 5-12 2 “Egypt is located on the continent of Africa. It has the desert as a natural barrier that keeps it secluded from the rest of the world and keeps their culture unique” Do Now- What is Egypt surrounded by?? Term to know- Cultural diffusion Copy whiteboard in notebook Egypt (Nile River) Mesopotamia (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers) – includes Sumer and Babylon India (Ganges and Indus Rivers) China (Huang He and Yangzi Rivers) Reasons they developed near rivers: Fertile soil Water supply supports irrigation for crops Allow people to produce their own food These areas had a climate that supported the growth of civilizations Geography of Egypt Located on the continent of Africa Developed near the Nile River Nile river provides EVERYTHING Constant floods allowed fertile soil to support civilization Predictable flooding- they know its coming good view of afterlife- loved the gods Natural barriers- desert blocks Egypt and creates a unique culture Hieroglyphics- Egyptian writing Pyramids- Tombs for Pharoahs In 5-6 sentences explain the geography of Egypt In 5-6 sentences explain how flooding effects Egypt Do Now 3 “Mesopotamia is known as the land between two rivers. The two rivers that surround Mesopotamia are the Tigris and Euphrates. This gives the area fertile soil. Mesopotamia also lacks natural barriers” Aim- What is a negative thing about lacking natural barriers Term to know- Cuneiform Geography of Mesopotamia- in the middle east Developed near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Had fertile soil and good climate to support civilization Lack of natural barriers- caused positive and negative cultural diffusion Cultural diffusion is the exchanging of ideas (trade, migration and war) Unpredictable flooding- never knew when they might come Led to a bad view of the afterlife (Dark and scary gods) Cuneiform- Sumerian writing Ziggurats- temples to the gods Rosetta stone- translated hieroglyphics Babylonian King Law Codes “Eye for Eye” Not equal amongst classes In 5-6 sentences explain the geography of Sumer/Mesopotamia In 5-6 sentences explain the flooding in Mesopotamia Do Now 4 “Two rivers in China were the Yang Zi and the Huang He. The Huang He was also called the river of sorrow because of the unpredictable floods and the yellow river because of loess (yellow soil) that turned the river yellow.” Aim- Why were rivers in China important? Term to know- Ethnocentric Geography of China Developed near the Huang He (Yellow) and Yangtze Rivers Natural barriers-China was isolated by mountains and deserts Ethnocentric-Viewed other cultures as barbarians Showed ethnocentrism by building the Great wall Had silk road to trade on with Europe, but did not want European goods Would not allow Europeans to visit because they didn’t want them influencing their people Influenced Korea and Japan Geography of India Is a subcontinent- means it juts out below the continent of Asia Developed near the Indus and Ganges Rivers Geographic features: Himalaya Mountains and Hindu Kush mountains kept them isolated Monsoons- Gust of wind that brings rain Khyber pass- only way to India before sea travel 3 regions of India Northern plains- Many rivers makes it the best place to live in India Deccan plateau- Dry Arid land (desert) Coastal plains- trade and fishing Asoka-known as the philosopher king of India Was once a harsh ruler with strict punishment, but after a terrible war he turned to Buddhism Preached religious tolerance 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Explain the Paleolithic age Explain the Neolithic revolution Explain the geography of Egypt and how the rivers effected the afterlife Explain the geography of Mesopotamia and how the rivers effected the afterlife Explain the geography of China and how this caused them to be ethnocentric Explain the Khyber pass Explain the geography of India Do Now “The Silk Road help China trade to many different parts of the world. At first they traded silk, but eventually they started selling many Chinese goods. This caused cultural diffusion” Aim- notecard quiz today “Christianity and Judaism have many similarities and differences. They are both Monotheistic, have a holy book and follow the rules of the Ten Commandments. The main differences is the role Jesus played in starting Christianity” Aim- How does Christianity hurt Rome? missionaries Judaism –starts in Middle East founder was Abraham Monotheistic- belief in one god Ten Commandments- rules to follow Torah- holy book huge impact on Israel Christianity – starts in Middle East founder was Jesus Monotheistic- believe in one god Ten Commandments-rules to follow Believe Jesus is Messiah Bible- holy book huge impact on Western Europe Islam – starts in Middle East Founder was Muhammad Monotheistic- believe in one god Five Pillars- guidelines Quran- holy book Mosque- house of worship -huge impact on Middle East Explain the religion of Judaism Explain the religion of Christianity Explain the religion of Islam Do Now 7 “Hinduism is a religion in India that has no single founder. It is a mix of many beliefs that the Aryan people left behind. Hinduism also follows the caste system, which is based on occupation and race” Aim- In Hinduism, what is the Caste system based on? Term to know- Reincarnation Hinduism – starts in India, no single founder, Polytheistic, caste system, reincarnation, karma, dharma, Vedas, Upanishads, Brahman, huge impact on India Buddhism – starts in India, foundar was Siddhartha Guatama, Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, REJECT THE CASTE SYSTEM, reincarnation, karma, dharma, nirvana, huge impact on China Shintoism –starts in Japan, worship of forces of nature, influenced by geographic features, huge impact on Japan Animism – practiced by many people in prehistory, all things in nature have a spirit, similar to Shintoism in Japan, huge impact on ancient Africa Daoism – starts in China, best government governs least, want to be at one with nature, huge impact on China Legalism- strict laws harsh punishment, believed people were born bad Confucianism – starts in China, founder was Confucius, society shapes you, government should rule by example, give respect, get respect, people born good Do Now 8 “Greece is broken up into many small independent city states. This made it difficult for Greek city states to unite with each other. Mountains and valleys also served as natural barriers to the Greeks.” Aim- How do natural barriers of Greece affect its growth? Term to know- Isolated located in southeastern Europe made up of many mountains, isolate valleys, and small islands irregular coastline Greeks created small city –states (city-states also known as polis) due to the fact that islands were separate from each other Major city-states Athens and Sparta Athens develops democracy- government ruled by the people Athens values a well-rounded education Athens reaches golden age under leadership of Pericles Sparta values military Sparta develops oligarchy- government ruled by few Greek Philosophers – Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle Greek Philosophers use observation and rationale thought to explain the world Greek architecture developed use of columns Greek paintings and sculpture focused on idealism and realism Macedonian/Greek 300 B.C. Master of Cultural Diffusion Hellenistic Culture Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian Cultures 9 “Rome’s biggest contribution was its law codes. Roman law still exists today and is used throughout the world. If it wasn’t for Roman law our justice system would be very different than it was today.” What is a republic? Term to know- Senate located near the center of Italy on a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea few natural barriers- helped it expand from city state to empire start off as a Republic (a representative government) most powerful governing body in Roman Republic was the Senate Patricians- rich Romans Plebeians- poor Romans Laws of the Twelve Tables Easily becomes an Empire Pax Romana – 200 years of peace and stability Develop an advance system of roads- trade Romans develop architectural idea of the arch Copy many aspects of Greek culture Most important contribution was legal system Develop aqueducts Fell due to outside invaders, slaves and bad rulers eastern portion of Roman Empire becomes Byzantine Empire develop Greek Eastern Orthodox Christianity capital city = Constantinople located on key trade route between Asia and Europe Justinian becomes autocrat Justinian’s Code- laws Hagia Sophia- showed Byzantine greatness Preserved Greek and Roman ideas Do Now 10 “The fall of Rome didn’t happen overnight. Rome was hit with many years of corruption, invasions and bad rulers. All these factors slowly caused the Roman empire to collapse, and this threw Europe into the dark ages” Aim- Why did Rome fall Term to know- Mercenaries period of poverty, conflict and disunity caused by fall of Rome feudalism – characterized by a weak central government and an exchange of land for military service Serfs were peasants who took care of the land. Life began to improve during Agricultural Revolution with the use of the three field system and iron plow Church was the only positive thing people had Crusades – holy wars between Christians and Muslims Christians wanted to defend the Holy Land, gain forgiveness for their sins, desired wealth from Middle East Crusades brought western Europeans out of isolation and exposed them to new technology Crusades caused an increase in religious conflict and exposed Europeans to new diseases such as the Black Death Black Death (Bubonic Plague) – diseased carried by fleas on rats, traveled along trade routes, caused a shortage of workers, caused the economy to collapse, weakened the Roman Catholic Church