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MESOPOTAMIA is a part of an area called the FERTILE CRESCENT b/c of its rich soil & curved shape • Mesopotamia (Greek for land between two rivers) is an area that lies between the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers • Both rivers start in mountains of Turkey & flow SE through Iraq where they meet up before emptying out into the Persian Gulf • Rain/melting snow swell rivers & cause them to overflow onto the flat land bordering rivers – this deposits silt, making land extremely fertile_ • Unlike the Nile, floods of the 2 rivers were unpredictable • Farmers didn't know when to plant or how big each flood would be • The area receives little rainfall & as a result, drought was common - lack of rain lowered river levels & made irrigation more difficult • Nevertheless, settlements formed in Mesopotamia in approx. 7000 BCE • Farmers grew wheat/other grains - food surplus led to population growth • Mesopotamia is considered the world’s 1st civilization (before Ancient Egypt, India & China) and is referred to as the cradle of civilization • Mesopotamia has few natural barriers so it was easy to invade • Foreigners like the Egyptians often stole from/conquered the area Most of Mesopotamia is located in what is now the country of _____________