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SOL Blitz Review Test Taking Tips 1. Read each question carefully. Twice; “not” or “except” in the question. 2. First answers are usually correct. 3. Use the process of elimination. If after you have narrowed down the selections to two and you cannot decide between the two, go with your “gut feeling.” Most people will “feel” if an answer is right or wrong. 4. Remember, there is no pattern to correct answers. If the last three answers were 'C', the next answer could be A, B, C, or D. 5. If you really have no clue at all, go with the longest answer. 6. There should be no trick questions. If you think a question is a trick question, you might be thinking too hard. 7. Take short breaks Blueprint Summary 11 Questions WHI. 2 Early Humans WHI. 3 Early River Valley Civilizations WHI. 4 Persia, Hinduism, Buddhism 10 Questions WHI. 5 Ancient Greece WHI. 6 Ancient Rome 9 Questions WHI. 7 Byzantines and Russians WHI. 8 Islam WHI. 9 Early Middle Ages 13 Questions WHI. 10 East Asia WHI. 11 The Americas WHI. 12 Late Medieval Period WHI. 13 Renaissance WHI.01 Geography Tip: Be sure to look at the entire map – title, key (legend), scale, etc WHI.02: Early Humans Essential Understandings 1. The life of early hunter-gatherer societies was shaped by their physical environment. 2. Early human societies, through the development of culture, began the process of overcoming the limits set by the physical environment. 3. The beginning of settled agriculture (including permanent settlements) was a major step in the advance of civilization. 4. Archaeologists continue to find and interpret evidence of early humans and their lives. 5. Rivers/waterways were extremely important to early civilizations. 1. Homo sapiens in Africa, between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago A. B. C. D. lived in semi-permanent settlements. had an organized government. had complex tools. were nomadic. D – remember, farms did not exist yet, so early humans had to follow their food source around 2. What important advance of Paleolithic man would fall at the question mark on the timeline below? A. B. C. D. Developed hieroglyphics Learned how to make and use fire Developed weaving Developed pottery B – A, C, & D are all much more advanced than developed agriculture WHI.03: River Valley Civilizations Essential Understandings and Tips to Remember Tips • Phoenicia = alphabet (phonetics/trading purple dye) • Kush = located south of Egypt on the Nile • Natural Barriers = mountains, deserts, oceans not rivers! Which civilization lasted approximately 1000 years? A. B. C. D. Egyptian Sumerian Harappan Babylonian C – Harappan – each block below represents 500 years. Of the civilizations listed on the chart, which was the latest to develop? A. B. C. D. Israelite Phoenician Aryan Shang/Zhou B - Phoenician Which civilization is shown as beginning about 1550 BC A. B. C. D. Hittite Babylonian Minoan Shang/Zhou D – Shang/Zhou – the other one that is close, the Hittites, started about 1650 BC. Which civilization lasted approximately 1500 years? A. B. C. D. Sumerian Egyptian Harappan Shang Zhou A – Sumerian – each block represents 500 years. Which Chinese city was NOT located next to a river? A. B. C. D. Yangzhou Hao Panlongcheung Luoyang B - Hao What natural barrier lies between India and China? A. B. C. D. Gobi Desert Takla Makan Desert Plateau of Tibet Himalaya Mountains D – Mountains are always the best natural barriers. Which river ran next to the cities of Yangzhou and Panlongcheung? A. B. C. D. The Yangtze The Huang He The Xi Jiang The Ganges A – the Yangtze Which one of the following was a river valley civilization in Africa about 3500 to 500 B.C. (B.C.E.)? A. B. C. D. Mesopotamia Phoenicia Hindu Kush Egypt D – Egypt – the others are in the Middle East The most important reason man’s earliest civilizations began in river valleys was because these valleys A. B. C. D. were used for extensive trade. offered abundant wildlife for food. offered rich soil for agriculture. provided transportation for nomadic peoples. C - offered rich soil for agriculture One of the first written codes of law was the A. B. C. D. Vedas Code of Hammurabi. Eightfold Path to Enlightenment. hieroglyphics B – Code of Hammurabi # A. B. C. D. a b c d A-a # A. B. C. D. a b c d A-a # A. B. C. D. a b c d A-a # A. B. C. D. a b c d A-a WHI.04 India, China and Persia Essential Understandings and Tips to Remember • Hinduism and Buddhism both began in India, BUT Buddhism left India to go to China • China = silk, porcelain • Persia = Zoroaster, treated conquered people well, efficient government (bureaucracy) • Confucius = respect for elders, ancestor worship In what city did the Royal Road begin in the west? A. B. C. D. Sardis Nineveh Lydia Susa A – Sardis (Lydia is a province, not a city. Which of the following cities was closest to the Tropic of Cancer? A. B. C. D. Nineveh Babylon Thebes Tyre C – The Tropic of Cancer is a line of latitude in the southern part of the map. Thebes is the southernmost city. Which of the following was NOT a province of the Persian Empire? A. B. C. D. Gedrosia Greece Egypt Media B – Greece is not in the shaded region. Which of the following provinces had no harbor or seacoast? A. B. C. D. Syria Bactria Chaldea Armenia B – Bactria. It’s the only land locked province. What advantage did the Persian Empire gain from building the Royal Road and having long coastlines? A. B. C. D. An advantage in trade An advantage in agriculture An advantage in irrigation An advantage in ironworking A – trading is easier on the water and on roads. The following is a sacred writing of Hinduism: A. B. C. D. Ten Commandments Code of Hammurabi Upanishads Koran C – Upanishads – the Ten Commandments are Jewish, the Koran is Muslim, and the Code of Hammurabi was a law code for the Babylonians. All of the following relate to Confucianism except A. B. C. D. Ancestor worship Respect for Elders Belief in one god Code of politeness C – Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the only monotheistic religions we’ve studied. Confucianism isn’t even a religion, it’s a philosophy. A belief in reincarnation, karma, many forms of one major deity, and a caste system are characteristics of which of the following religions? A. B. C. D. Hinduism Buddhism Judaism Zoroastrianism A – Hinduism. WHI.05: Ancient Greece Essential Understandings and Tips to Remember • Greece = mountainous peninsula • Athens = democracy • Sparta = oligarchy/military • Persian Wars = Greece v. Persia (Greece won) • Peloponnesian Wars = Sparta v. Athens (Sparta won) What was Greece’s largest island? A. B. C. D. Rhodes Marathon Crete Knossos C – Marathon and Knossos aren’t even islands. What sea separates Greece from Asia Minor A. B. C. D. Mediterranean Ionian Aegean All of the above C – the Aegean What is Greece’s easternmost city? A. B. C. D. Byzantium Pella Troy Athens A - Byzantium Troy lay near what waterway that separates Europe from Asia Minor? A. B. C. D. Sea of Marmara Aegean Sea Ionian Sea Dardanelles D – Dardanelles – they are the narrowest waterway between Europe and Asia Minor In which form of government did social status play a role? A. B. C. D. Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy Direct Democracy B – Aristocracy – Nobility means a high social status. Also, the words social status are in the Aristocracy category. What form of government was practiced in Sparta? A. B. C. D. monarchy aristocracy Oligarchy direct democracy B – Oligarchy Where was monarchy the form of government around 1450 BC? A. B. C. D. Athens Mycenae Sparta all of the above B – Mycenae Which form of government sometimes had a ruler who claimed divine right? A. B. C. D. monarchy aristocracy Oligarchy direct democracy A – monarchy – most monarchs in the ancient world claimed divine right. Which form of government was ruled by all citizens? A. B. C. D. monarchy aristocracy Oligarchy direct democracy A – direct democracy The Greek civilization was located on which of the following bodies of water? A. B. C. D. Red Sea Nile River Indus River Aegean Sea D – Aegean Sea Greek civilization was characterized by A. B. C. D. Polytheistic religion based on mythology harmony with nature ancestor worship Caste systems in religious law A - Polytheistic religion based on mythology An important economic development in ancient Greece was A. B. C. D. an increase in trade with Western Europe. a shift from a money economy to a barter economy c a shift from a barter economy to a money economy the use of land routes instead of sea routes C - a shift from a barter economy to a money economy The earliest democratic system of government was developed in A. B. C. D. classical Athens Sparta Egypt India A – classical Athens The structure shown below was built to honor which Greek goddess? A. B. C. D. Athena Aphrodite Apollo Hera A - Athena What is the correct order of the evolution of democracy in Athens? A. B. C. D. Monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, democracy Aristocracy, monarchy, tyranny, democracy Tyranny, aristocracy, monarchy, democracy Monarchy, tyranny, aristocracy, democracy A - Monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, democracy A government that is an oligarchy is characterized by A. B. C. D. a representative rule of government. rule by a small group. rule by a dictator rule by a monarch B – rule by a small group How did the results of the Persian Wars impact Western Civilization? A. Persian influence increases greatly in the West. B. Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture C. Persian and Greek religions merged and spread throughout the Mediterranean and beyond. D. Cultural advancements slowed and the political power of the Greeks weakened. A - Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture What key event united the Greek city-states to a greater degree than they had been before? A. B. C. D. The establishment of a constitution by Solon The development of democracy in Athens The formation of the Delian League The fighting of the Persian Wars D - The fighting of the Persian Wars The significance of the Persian Wars was that A. B. C. D. Athens and Sparta united against the Persian Greece emerged as the world’s most powerful government. the cultural advancements of Greek civilization slowed. Greek democracy was extended throughout the Mediterranean area. A - Athens and Sparta united against the Persian Empire. WHI.06: Ancient Rome Essential Understandings and Tips to Remember • Alps are in the northern part of Italy • Rome = republic, then empire • Senate was the most powerful gov’t body during the Republic • Roman language was Latin • Rome’s two biggest influences of today – engineering and government • Greece was the biggest influence on Rome Carthage was located on which continent? A. B. C. D. Europe Asia Africa Australia C - Africa What body of water did both opponents share? A. B. C. D. Adriatic Sea Ionian Sea Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea D- Mediterranean Sea Through which mountain ranges did Hannibal’s army have to travel with elephants? A. B. C. D. Himalayas and Alps Pyrenees and Alps Apennines and Himalayas Alps and Apennines B- Pyrenees and Alps What was the site of the earliest major battle shown on the map? A. B. C. D. Messana (264 BC) Zama (202 BC) Carthage (147 BC) Cannae (216 BC) A - Messana Who won the Punic Wars and how do you know? A. Carthage won because Hannibal’s route continued on to Zama B. Rome won because the major battle key label was placed there C. Carthage won because the fighting lasted so long D. Rome won because by 146 BC the Roman territory had expanded D – Compare Rome in 264 BC and 146 BC Greece and Rome differed from earlier civilizations of the ancient world because Greek and Roman citizens a. believed in one rather than many gods b. created large empires containing many national groups c. had a voice in their government d. prohibited slavery C - Greece and Rome differed from the earlier civilizations of the ancient world because Greek and Roman citizens had a voice in their government. Which modern European country occupies the homeland of the ancient Romans? a. Germany b. Italy c. France d. England B - Italy is the European country that occupies the homeland of the Romans. The Roman Empire included all of France and part of England and Germany. Which body of water connected Rome with North Africa and Asia? a. Atlantic Ocean b. Persian Gulf c. Mediterranean Sea d. Black Sea C - The Mediterranean Sea connected Rome with North Africa and Asia. This body of water was the great highway of commerce between the cultures of Rome, Greece, Egypt, North Africa, Syria, Phoenicia, Palestine and Asia Minor. The Twelve Tables were important in Rome because they a. laid the basis for the Roman Republic b. freed all the slaves in Rome c. gave Rome its first written code of laws d. gave the emperor the status of a god C - The Twelve Tables (about 450 B.C.) gave Rome its first written code of laws. These laws limited the power of the patrician judges who often interpreted the unwritten laws in a way that was unfair to the plebeians. What was the basic cause of the Punic Wars? a. Rome's acceptance of Christianity b. Carthage's invasion of Italy c. Rome's rivalry with Carthage for control of the western Mediterranean d. Carthage's support for the plebeians against the patricians C - The basic cause of the Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.) was Rome's rivalry with Carthage for control of the western Mediterranean. As a result of the Punic Wars, Rome a. lost its overseas empire b. lost control over most of Italy c. was burned to the ground d. won control over the western Mediterranean D - As a result of the Punic Wars, Rome won control over the western Mediterranean. Carthage was completely destroyed (146 B.C.) and its surviving population was sold into slavery. The term "Pax Romana" refers to the period of a. peace and prosperity during the first two centuries of the Roman Empire b. civil wars between Roman generals which destroyed the Republic c. democratic government following the abolition of the Senate d. slave revolts which weakened the Republic A - The term "Pax Romana" is the name given to the period of peace and prosperity that occurred during the first two centuries of the Roman Empire. Which major religion was born during a time when the Roman Empire was near its height? a. Judaism b. Hinduism c. Islam d. Christianity D - Christianity was born during the 1st century A.D. at a time when the Roman Empire was reaching its height under Augustus Caesar. Judaism can trace its origins back to a period earlier than 1000 B.C., as can Hinduism. Why was the Roman Empire divided in half during the 3rd century A.D.? C- a. invaders had conquered the western half The Roman Empire was b. so that land could be given to retired Roman soldiers divided by the Emperor Diocletian c. to make it easier to administer about 285 A.D. to make it easier to d. to prevent a civil war between rival emperors administer. Diocletian took control of the wealthier eastern half and appointed a co-emperor to rule over the western half. Which group was responsible for the destruction of the Roman Empire in the west? a. Byzantines b. Germanic tribes c. Huns d. Persians B - The Germanic tribes living north of the Danube River in Europe were responsible for the destruction of the Roman Empire in the west. Julius Caesar is an important figure in Roman history because he a. fought the First Punic War b. became the first emperor of Rome c. greatly increased the power of the Senate d. expanded Rome's territory and became dictator for life D - Julius Caesar is important in Roman history because he expanded Rome's territory (in Britain, Egypt, France, Spain, and Syria) and became dictator for life (in 44 B.C.). Caesar exercised nearly absolute power. "I was the adopted son of the great Julius. I defeated all of my rivals and became the first emperor of Rome." The person speaking is a. Mark Antony b. Octavian c. Marcus Brutus d. Gaius Cassius B - The person speaking is Octavian, who took the name Augustus Caesar after becoming Rome's first emperor. Which of the following conquered people influenced Rome the most? a. Greeks b. Carthaginians c. Gauls d. Britons A - The Greeks influenced Rome the most. After Greece was conquered by Rome during the 2nd century B.C., Greek literature, philosophy, science, mathematics, and art spread to Rome. Two important contributions of ancient Rome to later societies were in a. poetry and drama b. law and engineering c. painting and music d. chemistry and physics B - Rome made important contributions in law and engineering. Roman law became the basis for many legal systems in Europe. WHI.07: Byzantines and Russians Interact Essential Understandings and Tips to Remember • Best Byzantine emperor was Justinian • Byzantine and Russian religion = Eastern Orthodox About how many miles was it by road from the Golden Gate to the Augusteum? A. B. C. D. 6.5 1 5 3.5 D – 3.5 miles Which of the following was closest to the Great Palace? A. B. C. D. The Forum of the Ox The Hagia Sophia The Forum of Theodosius The Church of the Apostles B – the Hagia Sophia The Aqueduct ran between which of the following? A. The Forum of Arcadius and the Forum of the Ox B. The Church of the Apostles and the Forum of Theodosius C. The Forum of Constantine and the Hippodrome D. The Church of St. Salvador and the Wall of Theodosius B Which of the following was the furthest north? A. B. C. D. The Golden Gate The Harbor of Theodosius The Gate of Charisius The Church of the Apostles C – the gate of Charisius The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was a. Rome b. Jerusalem c. Alexandria d. Constantinople D - The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was Constantinople. This city was built (in 330 A.D.) on the site of the ancient Greek city of Byzantium. It is from that ancient Greek city that the Eastern Roman Empire received the name Byzantine Empire. Who established the city that was to later become the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire? a. Julius Caesar b. Diocletian c. Constantine d. Justinian C - Constantinople, the city which later became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, was established by the Emperor Constantine in 330 A.D. Which religion became the strongest rival of Christianity in the Mediterranean area during the time of the Byzantine Empire? a. Judaism b. Buddhism c. Islam d. Hinduism C - Islam or the Muslim religion became the strongest rival of Christianity in the Mediterranean area. Buddhism and Hinduism are religions that arose in India. They never spread to the Mediterranean region during the time of the Byzantine Empire. Which was an achievement of the Byzantine Empire? a. regaining Palestine from the Muslims b. preserving Greek and Roman civilization c. promoting paganism d. conquering Persia B - The Byzantine Empire preserved Greek and Roman civilization after the fall of the western half of the Roman Empire during the 5th century A.D. The Justinian Code is important because it was a collection of the a. laws of the Roman Empire b. teachings of Jesus and the Christian fathers c. scientific discoveries of the ancient world d. military tactics used by Roman generals A - The Justinian Code was a collection of laws from all over the empire that were organized and simplified by a committee of officials appointed by Justinian. The Justinian Code was later introduced to Western Europe and influenced law codes in European countries. Three of the following are reasons why the Emperor Constantine selected the ancient town of Byzantium as the site for his new capital of Constantinople. Which is NOT? a. It had an excellent harbor. b. Its nearness to Rome would facilitate communications with the Western Empire. c. It was strategically located to deal with the Persians in the east and barbarians to the north. d. It was on the natural trade routes connecting Asia with Europe and the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea. B - Constantinople was picked as capital because of its excellent harbor, its strategic location and access to trade routes. What was a result of Justinian's attempt to reunite the eastern and western halves of the old Roman Empire? a. The effort was a complete failure. b. All of the western lands of the old empire became part of the Byzantine Empire. c. The attempt led to a return of prosperity to Rome and Italy. d. Italy and North Africa were conquered, but then lost to new invaders. D - As a result of Justinian's attempt to reunite the eastern and western halves of the old Roman Empire, Italy, and North Africa were conquered, but later lost to new invaders. To which religion were the Russians converted in the 10th century? a. Roman Christianity b. Judaism c. Islam d. Orthodox Christianity D - The Russians were converted to Orthodox Christianity in the 10th century during the reign of Vladimir the Great. He ruled Kiev from 972 to 1015. The Russians eventually formed their own national church called the Russian Orthodox Church. What name did the princes of Moscow take for themselves? a. khan b. czar c. patriarch d. pharaoh B - Khan is the title taken by Mongol and Turkish rulers. Patriarch is the name given to the leader of the Orthodox Church. Pharaoh was the name of kings in ancient Egypt. The princes of Moscow took the name of czar. The first prince to do so was Ivan III "the Great" who created the state of Muscovy and ruled it from 1462 to 1505. WHI.08: Islam Essential Understandings and Tips to Remember • Mecca is holiest city, then Medina and Jerusalem • Respects Abraham, Moses, and Jesus as Prophets • Muslim holy book = Qu’ran or Koran • Founded by Muhammad • Five Pillars What city in Europe was under Muslim control by 750? A. B. C. D. Damascus Cairo Cordoba Baghdad C - Cordoba What important teaching or custom is shared by only two of the three faiths? A. B. C. D. Dietary laws Judgment Day Life after death Unmarried spiritual leaders A – dietary laws; Catholics do not have any dietary laws. On what subject do the three religions hold different views? A. B. C. D. Judgment Day Life after death Jesus’ identity Use of local languages C – Jesus’ identity What is similar about the beginning of all three faiths? A. B. C. D. Each has several branches Each was begun before AD 600 Each was begun in Southwest Asia Each was begun with the same 2000 year period of history C – each began in Southwest Asia One of the most important events in Islam, the Hijrah, refers to Muhammad's a. years of meditation in the desert b. conquest of Mecca c. escape from Mecca to Medina d. birth in Mecca C - Muhammad and his followers left Mecca because they believed themselves to be in danger of attack by leaders of Mecca opposed to Muhammad's teachings. The year 622 marks the beginning of Islam as a distinct religion and the beginning of the Islamic calendar. The Hijrah refers to Muhammad's escape from Mecca to Medina in 622 A.D. All of the following are among the Five Pillars of Islam, EXCEPT to a. pray five times a day b. be ceremonially accepted into the religion c. fast during the month of Ramadan d. give charity to the poor B - Any person who accepts Allah as the one God with Muhammad as his messenger, as well as the other four Pillars of Islam is a Muslim. Muslims do not have a ceremony, such as Christian baptism or confirmation, to signify acceptance as a follower of their religion. The Koran, the holy book of the religion of Islam, a. was written by Muhammad b. has been amended by later religious leaders c. is a collection of recollections of the teachings of Muhammad d. includes the Old and the New Testament of the Bible C - The Koran was written 30 years after the death of Muhammad by followers who remembered his teachings. Since Muhammad's teachings were based on his revelations, Muslims believe that the Koran is the revealed word of Allah. The Koran cannot be changed or amended because it is the word of Allah transmitted through Muhammad. Muslims believe that the Koran can only be written and read in the classical Arabic of the 7th century. A city in the Middle East that is sacred to Jews, Arabs, and Christians is a. Jerusalem b. Mecca c. Istanbul d. Damascus A - Jerusalem is one city that is sacred to all three monotheistic religions in the Middle East because significant events in the history of each religion took place there. During the 700s, most of Spain was conquered by the a. Germanic barbarians b. Muslims c. Byzantines d. Huns B - During the 700s, most of Spain was conquered by the Muslims. Only a few small Christian kingdoms were able to survive in the north. This conquest was part of the rapid expansion by Muslim Arabs out of Arabia and the Middle East after the death of Muhammad in 632. WHI.09: Early Middle Ages Tips • Middle Ages/Medieval Period = heavy Catholic Church influence (only thing to unite Europe during this time) • Monasteries were places for learning and healing • Charles Martel stopped the spread of Islam into Europe at the Battle of Tours Which invaders traveled primarily across the Mediterranean Sea? A. B. C. D. Vikings Muslims Magyars All of the Above B - Muslims From what region or country did the Vikings come? A. B. C. D. Byzantine Empire Russia France Scandinavia D - Scandinavia What region or country suffered raids from all three types of invaders? A. B. C. D. Russia France Scandinavia Byzantine Empire A - France Which body of water was NOT used by Viking Raiders? A. B. C. D. North Sea Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea Caspian Sea D – Caspian Sea During the Early Middle Ages in Europe a. cities increased in size b. trade with areas outside of Europe increased c. warfare frequently occurred d. population increased C - There were invasions by Germanic barbarians, Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims. In addition, frequent wars occurred between rulers and between nobles. Cities were destroyed and the population decreased. One effect of this was that trade within Europe and between Europe and other areas of the world was ruined The Early Middle Ages in Europe (500-1000 A.D.) are often called the Dark Ages because a. there are no written records from the period b. literacy and education declined c. all government disappeared d. the Muslims conquered all of Italy and Gaul B - The Early Middle Ages are often called the Dark Ages because literacy and education declined. The state of constant warfare reduced the size of towns and cities; trade and travel nearly came to an end. Many people fled from urban to rural areas to find safety. Cities had been the center of education and learning. When these declined or were destroyed, the cultural level of European society declined. Which of the following barbarian tribes established a kingdom in what is now France? a. Huns b. Magyars c. Franks d. Vandals C - The Franks established a Germanic kingdom in northern Gaul, in what is now France, during the 5th century A.D. In 481 A.D., a Frankish chieftain named Clovis began to expand his small kingdom. He gained the support of the Church in Rome when he and his Frankish subjects converted to Christianity. What contribution did the Catholic Church make to society during the early Middle Ages? a. preserving learning b. abolishing serfdom c. encouraging trade d. helping overseas expansion A - The Catholic Church helped to preserve learning during the early Middle Ages. The Church ran most of the schools so that its clergy could be educated. Many schools were established in monasteries where monks studied Latin and copied works written by ancient Greek and Roman writers. Charlemagne was able to a. convert his subjects to Islam b. reunite the Eastern and Western Christian Churches c. avoid war with his neighbors Charlemagne was able to create a strong d. create a strong and stable government D- and stable government. He ruled as king of the Franks from 768 to 814 A.D. Charlemagne appointed officials who traveled around his kingdom checking on how the local governments were being run by the nobles of his kingdom. They also reported on how the duties of the Christian clergy were being carried out. Feudalism arose in Western Europe because C- a. Charlemagne desired it Feudalism arose in Western Europe because b. commerce revived there was a need for law and order. During the period c. there was a need for law and order 500-1000 A.D., Europe experienced many wars and d. the pope promoted it invasions. During this period rulers had to depend on local lords to defend their lands because transportation was so poor. By the 9th century A.D., a class of mounted warriors called knights had developed. These knights were given land in exchange for their military service to a ruler. This system of exchanging land for military service is called feudalism. The fief was an important basis for feudalism because it was the a. obligation owed by a serf to a lord b. military service performed by a knight c. tax levied by a king on a noble d. land given by a lord to a vassal D - The fief was the land given by a lord to a vassal in return for military service. The vassal promised to defend his lord against attack. The fief included land and all of the people living on it. Therefore, peasants living on land given by a lord to a vassal had to perform services for the vassal, who was now their new lord. Which statement about feudalism in Europe is CORRECT? a. The feudal manor was self-sufficient. b. The feudal system provided a strong central government. c. Feudal lords were chosen by the Catholic Church. d. Trade was encouraged by feudal nobles. The correct statement is that the A- feudal manor was self-sufficient. The almost constant warfare during the period 500-1000 A.D. led to the development of the feudal manor. The decline of trade and towns during this period meant that nearly all food, tools, and clothing had to be produced on the manor. What position did serfs have in feudal society? a. They were slaves and could be bought and sold by their lords. b. They often could rise in class to become nobles. Serfs could not be bought and c. They could not leave the manor without the sold like slaves, but they also could not permission of their lords. leave the manor without the permission d. They owned the lands on which they worked. C- of their lord. The lands on which they worked belonged to the lord of the manor. Nobles looked upon themselves as being superior to the serfs they ruled, and no serf could hope to become a noble. What was a result of the Crusades? a. European conquest of the Middle East b. fall of the Byzantine Empire c. growth of trade with the Middle East d. rise of Charlemagne's empire B - One result of the Crusades was the growth of European commerce. Europeans who joined the Crusades were introduced to products like silk, spices, and precious stones. The demand for these luxury goods by wealthy Europeans helped to revive trade. Although the First Crusade succeeded in capturing Palestine, that land was recaptured by the Muslims a century later. Although several other Crusades were sent into the Middle East, they all failed. The Black Death was a. the attack by Mongol and Tatar horsemen on Europe during the 13th century b. a disease that killed millions of Europeans during the 14th century c. the series of civil wars between the grandsons of Charlemagne for control of his empire d. a succession of extremely cold winters during the 11th century B - The Black Death was a disease (plague) that killed millions of Europeans during the 14th century. The plague entered Europe by way of Sicily in 1347. Within two years it spread northward and affected nearly all of Europe. Between 1347 and 1350 about one-third of the population of Western Europe died from the Black Death. Anglo-Saxon England was conquered in 1066 by a. Charlemagne b. Attila the Hun c. Charles Martel d. Duke William of Normandy D - Anglo-Saxon England was conquered by Duke William of Normandy. William was the descendant of the Viking (also called Norsemen or Northmen) invaders who settled in an area of western France called Normandy. The signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 by King John of England a. limited royal power over the nobility b. established the Church of England c. created Parliament d. gave equal rights to all Englishmen A - The Magna Carta or "Great Charter" limited royal power over the nobility. King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta by rebellious barons who resented his attempts to tax them. The Magna Carta guaranteed the traditional rights of the English nobility. A cause of the Hundred Years' War was the C- a. conflict between French kings and the papacy In 1337, Edward III of England b. Viking invasions of Western Europe claimed the French throne, bringing on the c. rivalry between French and English kings Hundred Years' War (1337-1453). He and d. struggle between Catholics and Protestants his successors invaded France a number of times to enforce their claim until the English gave up their quest to conquer France. Joan of Arc is important in French history because she a. became the first female monarch of France b. led the fight against Protestantism in France c. called the first Estates General in France Joan of Arc inspired the French d. inspired French nationalism during the nationalism during the Hundred Years' War. Hundred Years' War Joan was a teenage peasant girl who appeared D- before Charles the Dauphin, heir to the French throne, in 1429. She claimed to have heard voices telling her to lead the French in an effort to drive the English out of her country. The Holy Roman Empire included most of modern a. Russia b. England c. Spain d. Germany D - The Holy Roman Empire included most of modern Germany. In the eastern portion of Charlemagne's empire, his heirs lost power to local nobles called dukes. The Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella a. succeeded in unifying Spain under Christian rule b. supported the Protestant Reformation Ferdinand and Isabella succeeded in c. were defeated by the Muslims of North Africa unifying Spain under Christian rule. Queen d. promoted religious toleration A- Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Aragon, in 1469. This marriage united most of Spain. They were able to increase the power of their state. WHI.10: East Asian Empires and Africa Tips • China heavily influenced Japan • China = Buddhism • Japan = Shintoism and Buddhism • African trade items = gold and salt Which khanate extended the furthest north? A. B. C. D. Khanate of the Golden Horde Khanate of the Great Khan Chagatai Khanate Ilkhanate B – Khanate of the Great Khan What body of water did Marco Polo cross twice? A. B. C. D. Black Sea Mediterranean Sea Arabian Sea South China Sea B– Mediterranean Sea Which of the following was NOT in the Khanate of the Great Khan? A. B. C. D. China Gobi Desert Mien Tibet C – Mien is located south of the Great Khan, next to Vietnam To whom was the samurai required to be loyal? A. B. C. D. B Heavenly God, earthly lord, and chosen lady Their lord above all else Their parents and children above all else Their heavenly God, earthly lord, and parents What would samurai rather do than face defeat or dishonor? A. B. C. D. Show humility Burn their armor Commit ritual suicide Kill each other C – Samurai would perform seppuku (ritual suicide) rather than be captured. What did chivalry require of knights that Bushido did not require of samurai? A. B. C. D. That they commit suicide rather than face defeat That they show humility That they value bravery and loyalty above all else That the regard women as equals B – Show humility. Which of the following is NOT true of both Japanese samurai and European knights? A. B. C. D. They lived by a code of honor that valued bravery and loyalty They fought for a lord in exchange for something They entered battle with protective gear and weapons They would commit ritual suicide than face defeat D – Samurai would commit ritual suicide, but not European knights. During the reign of the Tang Dynasty Chinese civilization and culture reached great heights. New land was conquered and art, literature, and poetry flourished. Which term best describes the era of the Tang Dynasty? a. Age of Philosophers b. The Golden Age of China c. Nationalist China d. Mongol China B - The reign of the Tang Dynasty (618-907) was also known as The Golden Age of China because great advances were made in Chinese civilization and culture during this period. What is meant by the term "cultural diffusion"? a. People believe that their own culture is superior to all others. b. People guard their customs and will not share them with others. c. Cultural practices are taught by the older generation to the younger. d. Customs and ideas are spread from one society to another. D - Cultural diffusion is the spread of ideas, traditions, innovations, and customs from one society to another. Often believed to have been isolated throughout its long history, ancient China was in fact part of the long-distance trading network, commonly known as the Silk Road. What effect did the Civil Service Examination have on Imperial China? a. It encouraged the study of Confucianism. b. It provided a method to reward the merit and hard work of individuals. c. It provided a vehicle for peasants to advance into a higher social class. d. all of the above D - Since the Civil Service Examination was based on Confucian principles, a person taking the exam had to study Confucianism carefully. If the person did well on the exam, he was rewarded with a well-paying government position in the bureaucracy; thus his hard work and merit were rewarded. Since nobody was barred from taking the test, theoretically a peasant could use the exam system as a vehicle into a higher social class. Africa had large and important kingdoms during the time of the Middle Ages in Europe. All of the following were major sub-Saharan kingdoms in Africa, EXCEPT a. Ghana b. Mali c. Songhai d. Carthage D - Carthage was a major kingdom on the coast of Africa north of the Sahara Desert. It dominated the western Mediterranean for hundreds of years until conquered by the Roman Empire in ancient times. Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all important kingdoms south of the Sahara Desert in West and Central Africa between 500 and 1500 A.D. Before 1500 A.D. the trade items most sought after from the African kingdoms south of the Sahara were a. gold and ivory The sub-Saharan kingdoms traded their gold and ivory for salt b. silk and cotton and cloth brought by caravans that crossed the Sahara Desert from c. fruit and vegetables North Africa. d. rubber and coffee A- The trade across the Sahara Desert was an avenue for the spread of which religion to sub-Saharan Africa? a. Christianity b. Judaism c. Islam d. Roman paganism C - Muslims carried on the trans-Sahara trade which had grown in the preceding centuries. Many sub-Saharan Africans adopted Islam which spread into West and Central Africa across the desert, and from Egypt along the Nile into Sudan. Warriors in feudal Japan were known as a. shogun b. samurai c. bushido d. origami B – The samurai were the warriors of feudal Japan. Origami is a Japanese art form, bushido is the code of behavior for the samurai and a shogun is a military leader. The code of honor of a samurai warrior was known as a. bonsai b. kamikaze c. kami d. bushido D - The code of honor followed by a samurai warrior in ancient and medieval Japan was known as bushido. It was a code based on honor, respect, obedience, and loyalty to one's superior. Which of the following religions diffused into Japan from China? a. Shinto b. Buddhism c. Christianity d. Islam B Which of the following religions is native to Japan? a. b. c. d. Hinduism Buddhism Shintoism Christianity C - Native means “original, or originate. Shintoism is Japan’s native religion. This Shinto Shrine would most likely be found in what country? a. b. c. d. China Japan India Egypt B - Shintoism is Japan’s native religion. WHI.11: The Americas Tips • All polytheistic • All made sacrifices (Aztec and Mayan did human sacrifices, Incan sacrificed llamas) Which of the following was located in the region controlled by the Moche? A. B. C. D. Machu Picchu Cuzco Chan Chan Lake Titicaca C – Chan Chan. Which of the following ran down the middle of the Incan Empire? A. B. C. D. The Andes Mountains The Amazon River The Tropic of Capricorn Lake Titicaca A – the Andes Mountains Which of the following is the furthest south? A. B. C. D. Lake Titicaca Cuzco Machu Picchu Chan Chan A – Lake Titicaca Latin America includes which of the following regions? a. Central America, South America, and Spain b. Central America, South America, and Antarctica c. Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean d. Mexico, Central America, South America, and Spain C - Latin America is a vast region that stretches from the Mexican-U.S. border in the north to Cape Horn in South America. It includes Mexico, Central America, South America, and several Caribbean islands. The region is comprised of 32 independent nations and some small possessions of European nations. WHI.12: The Late Medieval Period Tips • Crusades – series of wars between Christians and Muslims • Crusades increased trade between Europe and the Middle East • Middle Ages/Medieval Period = heavy Catholic Church influence (only thing to unite Europe during this time) • Monasteries were places for learning and healing Where did a young page begin his education? A. B. C. D. At tournaments At his lord’s manor At another lord’s castle At home with his parents C – at another lord’s castle Which of the following was a page supposed to learn? A. B. C. D. To take care of horses Courtly manners To use a battering ram To shoot a rifle B – courtly manners At what age was a page raised to the rank of a squire? A. B. C. D. 7 10 14 17 C - 14 What was the main job of a squire? A. B. C. D. To serve a knight To play chess well To behave chivalrously To fight in a battle A – To serve a knight Who had the authority to declare a squire a knight? A. B. C. D. Another knight The squire’s future chosen lady A member of the clergy The knight’s lord A – the knight’s lord Chivalry was a code of behavior for the medieval a. serf b. clergy c. knight d. merchant C - Chivalry was a code of behavior for the medieval knight. The code glorified the values of a warrior and also emphasized Christian ethics. A knight was supposed to be courageous, respect women, and treat his enemies honorably. Which of the following statements about women in the European Middle Ages is MOST accurate? a. women were highly educated b. women and men worked equally hard on the manor c. women were considered unimportant d. women were "free" to be all that they could be B - In the European Middle Ages women and men on the manor worked equally hard. Women played an important role in life. Wives were expected to care for the house, cook, care for the children, work in the fields, and take care of the chickens, sheep, and cows. Even the lord's wife was busy. She raised the children, supervised the servants, and made sure that there was enough food for the family. In addition she was in charge of spinning, weaving cloth, and sewing. Noble women in the Middle Ages a. were expected to bear and raise many children b. were not allowed to inherit fiefs c. received an education similar to that of noblemen d. supervised the running of her husband's manor A - Noble women were expected to bear and raise many children. Marriages were arranged for women of the nobility by their fathers, often as a means of making an alliance with other noble families. Although a woman could inherit a fief, she was not allowed to control it. Instead, her father, male guardian or eldest son acted as her legal guardian. Noble women were taught such practical skills as weaving, sewing, and cooking. What was the main subject of works of art during the Middle Ages? a. nature b. Greek and Roman mythology c. monarchs d. religion D - Religion was the main subject of works of art during the Middle Ages. Medieval churches were decorated with statues of Christ, the Apostles, or saints. Stained glass windows often illustrated scenes from the Bible. Most medieval paintings also had religious themes. WHI.13: The Renaissance Tips • Renaissance focuses on the human and individual • Church influence begins to decline • Renaissance began in Italy The Renaissance began in Italy partly because a. Italian city-states were wealthy The Renaissance began in Italy partly b. Italy was not affected by the Black Death because Italian city-states were wealthy. Many c. Italy has a pleasant climate rulers of the Italian city-states used the revenues d. Italy was unified under one monarch A- from trade to hire artists and architects to beautify their cities. Wealthy merchants competed with each other to become patrons of the arts. Which idea was most characteristic of the Renaissance? a. feudalism b. humanism c. chivalry d. scholasticism B - Humanism was most characteristic of the Renaissance. The classical writings of Greece and Rome emphasized human concerns. During the Italian Renaissance, the Medici family a. helped spread the ideas of the Protestant Reformation b. supported artists and scholars in Florence c. attempted to make Italy a unified country d. conducted voyages of discovery and exploration in Africa B - The Medici family supported artists and scholars in Florence. They became wealthy during the late 14th century from commerce and banking. The Medici family ruled Florence for nearly a century. Renaissance literature was most concerned with the a. enjoyment of earthly pleasures b. deeds of legendary heroes A - Renaissance literature was most c. lives of Christian saints concerned with the secular – meaning the enjoyment of earthly pleasures. d. activities of peasants and workers The term "Renaissance" refers to a a. revolution against royal authority b. repression of dissent c. rebirth of learning d. reformation of religion C - The term "Renaissance" refers to a rebirth of learning. During the Renaissance there was a revival of interest in the literature, art, and architecture of ancient or classical Greece and Rome. The Renaissance is considered to be a period of transition between the Middle Ages and early modern times. A "Renaissance man" can be best described as a a. successful businessman b. brave warrior c. religious and humble monk d. person of many talents D - A "Renaissance man" can be best described as a person of many talents. Humanists praised the person who was educated and who had many talents and achievements. A good example of a "Renaissance man" is Leonardo da Vinci who studied painting, architecture, sculpture, mathematics, anatomy, engineering, and literature. Which Renaissance artist painted the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper"? a. Michelangelo Buonarroti b. Donatello c. Leonardo da Vinci d. Sandro Botticelli C - Leonardo da Vinci painted the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper." Michelangelo is famous for his painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and his statues of David and Moses. Donatello is credited with creating the Renaissance's portrait style. Botticelli is considered one of the finest Renaissance artists. Both Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More a. became leaders of the Protestant Reformation b. were Renaissance architects c. opposed humanist ideas literature and art d. advocated reform in secular and religious matters D - Erasmus and More were humanists who advocated reform in secular and religious matters. Erasmus (1466-1536) was a Dutch monk and teacher who dedicated his life to Christian scholarship. In his best known work, "In Praise of Folly," Erasmus criticized the luxury and worldliness of the Catholic Church. When the Protestant Reformation began, Erasmus advocated compromise and suggested reforms. For this stand, he was attacked by both Catholic and Protestants. Thomas More (1478-1535) was an advisor to King Henry VIII of England. In his book, "Utopia," More described an ideal society without poverty, war, and religious persecution. When Henry separated his kingdom from the Catholic Church, More remained faithful to Catholicism and was executed. Which idea was a basis for Renaissance art? a. The human body must always be shown fully clothed. b. Artists should paint only religious subjects. c. Only rulers and the nobility can appreciate great art. d. Art should show the beauty of the human body and spirit. D - A basis for Renaissance art was the idea that art should show the beauty of the human body and spirit. Like the sculptors of ancient Greece, Renaissance artists tried to accurately describe the human body while at the same time idealizing its beauty. The human figure was shown nude as well as clothed. The paintings and sculpture of the Renaissance was displayed in public buildings, churches, and squares of European cities for the enjoyment of the entire populace. Although Renaissance artists used religious themes in many of their works, they also used themes from classical mythology and secular life. # A. B. C. D. a b c d A-a