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Transcript
World War II War In The Pacific Japanese Advances • Japanese empire dwarfs Hitler’s 3rd Reich • The Fall of the Philippines/March 1942 – General MacArthur in command of Allied troops – Japanese victorious – MacArthur…”I Shall Return!” Japanese Empire Bataan Death March • Forced march of 75,000 American POWs to prison camps • 50,000 murdered – Kicked/beaten, starved, bayoneted • Treated same way as Native Americans during Trail of Tears • Later considered a Japanese war crime Doolittle’s Raid • Spring 1942 • Bombing raid on Tokyo and surrounding cities • Most daring campaign to date; some bombers killed or captured • Boosts American morale, lowers Japanese Battle of Coral Sea • May 1942 • American and Australian carriers vs. Japanese Imperial Navy • Successful at stopping Japanese advance to take Australia, eliminate 2 Japanese carriers – Damaged Japan’s naval capability at Midway • All-Air Battle – All planes launched from aircraft carriers – No shots fired from surface ships! DEFENDING AUSTRALIA Battle of Midway • • • • June 3, 1942 Strategic location NW of Hawaii Allies stop the Japanese Allies had broken Japan’s naval code – Anticipated the attack • Allies under command of Admiral Chester A. Nimitz – Helped to locate the Japanese fleet and dive bomb them • TURNING POINT IN THE PACIFIC WAR!!! -- Bulk of Japanese fleet destroyed -- Japanese forced to retreat and play defense • Result = Allies begin to “island hop” BATTLE OF MIDWAY Allies on the Offensive • Battle of Guadalcanal, 1944 – 19,ooo Allied troops storm the island – Marks Japan’s first defeat on land – Secured Australia from Japanese occupation and protected AmericanAustralian sea route • Battle of Leyte Gulf, 1944 – Entire Japanese fleet involved • Largest naval battle of WWII – Appearance of Kamikaze – Japan defeated, complete disaster – Last major Japanese naval engagement of the war MACARTHUR RETURNS Battle of Iwo Jima • Japan to stop US advance to stop mainland invasion • Allies face fierce opposition – Fanatical fighting (Samurai mentality) – Fighters entrenched in tunnels and caves • Iwo Jima’s location critical to US – Heavy-loaded bombers could reach Tokyo • 6,000 US Marines killed – Most in any pacific battle to that point • US gains control of the island • Only 200 of 20,000 Japanese troops survive IWO JIMA Battle of Okinawa • April 1945 • US Marines invade, challenge Japanese occupation of the island • Massive Kamikaze attacks – 1900 attacks kill 5000 U.S. sailors, sink 30 ships and damage 300 more • Fiercer opposition than Iwo Jima • 110,000 Japanese killed in action • Allies see this as premonition of invasion of Japan – Churchill estimates 1 Million US / 500,000 British deaths if allies invade Japan The Atom Bombs • The Manhattan Project – Over 600,000 Americans involved – Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer • Truman orders plans to use the bombs – Churchill warning of allied deaths if war continues – Japanese warned of super weapon • Enola Gay drops Little Boy over Hiroshima – Japan still won’t surrender • Three days later, drop Fat Man on Nagasaki – Macarthur accepts Japan’s official surrender on USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, September 2, 1945 HIROSHIMA BEFORE HIROSHIMA AFTER
