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Chapter 25 Americans and a World in Crisis, 1933 – 1945 Core Standards • E: 1: a Describe the circumstances at home and abroad prior to US involvement in WWII • E: 1: b Identify the significant military and political aspects of WWII • E: 1: c Analyze dimensions of the Holocaust and the Allies response to the Holocaust and war crimes • E: 1: d Evaluate the social, political, and economic impacts of WWII on the home front • E:1: e Identify and evaluate the scientific and technological developments in America during and after WWII • E:1: f Analyze the social, cultural, and economic changes at the onset of the Cold War era 2 Readings • • • • • Read the entire chapter. Expect reading quiz each day. Pp. 764-774 Pp. 774-782 Pp. 782-794 Even the German soldiers knew to do their readings! 3 Introduction • Eugene Bondurant Sledge • With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa • Read his book, you’ll love his colorful language • When I knew • Dr. Sledge he • looked like this. 4 The United States in a Menacing World, 1933-1939 • • • • • Italy Germany Japan World toward a precipice Neutrality 5 Nationalism and the Good Neighbor • “Good Neighbor Policy” FDR • Aid to Cuba – Fulgencio Batista – Overthrown by Castro in 1959 6 The Rise of Aggressive States in Europe and Asia • Adolf Hitler • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MDUfLX0mTA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q-6H4xOUrs&skipcontrinter=1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JK-Xryw_hKA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gS-nQgLehpE&feature=related Appeasement 7 German Propaganda • Joseph Goebbels 8 Luftwaffe 9 Map 25.1: European Aggression Before World War II 10 The American Mood: NO MORE WAR • Neutrality Acts 11 Map 25.2: Japanese Expansion Before World War II 12 The Gathering Storm • Joseph Stalin • Nonaggression pact • Mussolini: “FDR’s paralysis must have reached his brain!” • FDR takes action: – – – – 300 million for military 20,000 planes per year 1.3 Billion Defense Plan “two Madmen” who only respect force Stalin’s Kemlin 13 America and the Jewish Refugees • Kristallnacht • (Night of Broken glass) • June 1939 • St Louis • 950 Jews turned away on ship in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida (most died in Concentration Camps) 14 Into the Storm, 1939-1941 • Rome-Berlin-Toyko Axis • America is getting pushed to help 15 British Monarchy • George V • Edward VIII – Abdicated • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBn06A-sdok – George VI • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opkMyKGx7TQ • Elizabeth – Charles • William • Harry 16 The European War • Poland • Blitzkrieg • Wehrmacht • Winston Churchill • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkTw3_PmKtc 17 Dunkirk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WF8q45vwf-0&feature=related 18 From Isolation to Intervention • Draft • Lend-Lease • Atlantic Charter 19 Pearl Harbor and the Coming of War • December 7, 1941 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufoUtoQLGQY • Pentagon 20 Organizing for Victory • War Production Board (WPB) • Office of Price Administration (OPA) 21 The War Economy 22 Figure 25.1A: U.S. Wartime Production 23 Figure 25.1A: U.S. Wartime Production (cont’d) 24 Figure 25.1A: U.S. Wartime Production (cont’d) 25 “A Wizard War” Winston Churchill • Office of Scientific Research Development • Manhattan Project 26 Propaganda and Politics • Office of War Information 27 The Battlefront, 1942-1944 28 Map 25.3: World War II in Europe and Africa 29 Liberating Europe • French resistance 30 North Africa George Smith Patton, Jr. Bernard Montgomery Erwin Rommel Dwight D. Eisenhower landed troops in Morocco and Algeria 31 Battle of Stalingrad • Stalin wanted two fronts Soviet Snipers at Stalingrad 32 Battle of Leningrad (St. Petersburg) 33 Invasion of Sicily 34 D-Day, June 6, 1944 • Omaha • Sword • Juno • Utah • Gold 35 Break Out from Normandy 36 Battle of the Bulge • Bastogne • “Nuts!” 37 Atrocities Against Americans During WWII 38 Abuse of Americans by Japanese • Bataan Death March • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnNf57112nI&featur e=endscreen 39 War in the Pacific • Philippines fall in May 1942 • MacArthur “I shall return!” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEbwuehH35I 40 Bill Grant • Sting of the Wasp 41 Map 25.4: World War II in the Pacific 42 Battle of Coral Sea • Admiral Thomas Kinkaid • Admiral Nimitz 43 Battle of Midway US Signal Corps breaks Japanese codes 4 Japanese destroyers sunk Hundreds of Japanese planes lost 44 Guadalcanal 45 Solomon Islands 46 British move from India to retake Burma 47 US Begins Two-Pronged Advance • June 1943 • Retake of Philippines 48 Battle of Leyte Gulf http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37Mjbw0GBog 49 Okinawa and Possible Invasion of Japan • “Give ‘em the hot seat!” 50 The Grand Alliance • • • • • • Roosevelt Churchill Giraud De Gaulle Casablanca January 1943 • First president to travel abroad by plane while in office! 51 Invasion of Italy • Battle of Anzio • Tuskegee Airmen – Red Tails 52 Grand Alliance in Cairo • Roosevelt • Churchill • Chiang Kai-shek – Anti-communist – Return Manchuria – Return Taiwan – “Free and Independent Korea from USSR 53 Grand Alliance in Tehran, Iran • Roosevelt • Churchill • Stalin – Invasion of France in June 1944 – Divide Germany into 4 military zones 54 Domestic Issues • Henry Wallace • Harry S. Truman – Moderate • Missouri • 1944 election • Thomas E. Dewey 55 War and American Society • 15 million Americans served • Women • 56 The GIs’ War • “KILLROY WAS HERE!” 57 War Bonds “Buy a war bond, Darling…..” 58 Map 25.5: The Home Front 59 The Home Front • Rosie the Riveter • Victory Gardens 60 Racism and New Opportunities • A. Philip Randolph 61 War and Diversity 62 Interment of Japanese-Americans 63 Triumph and Tragedy, 1945 • Yalta Conference “accords” – Russia declares war on Japan – FDR “gives away eastern Europe – Roosevelt very tired 64 Roosevelt DEAD! 65 Victory in Europe 66 Holocaust • Jews • Concentration Camps 67 Atomic Bombs • Truman • Potsdam Declaration 68 USS Indianapolis 69 Final Victory • V-E Day • V-J Day 70 The War’s Toll on America 71 Conclusion 72