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Artificial Intelligence
What are we claiming when we talk
about AI?
 How are Turing Machines important?
 How can we determine whether a
machine can be said to think?

Claims about AI
Strong AI: computers will be able to
think
 Weak AI: computers can be used to
help understand how people think

Turing Machines
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Requirements:
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1. can interpret a set of symbols
2. can change states based on symbols
3. can write symbols onto a “tape”
Ability: can solve any problem that is
well-specified
The Turing Test
(Turing, 1950)
Imitation Game
 When can we say that a machine is
capable of thinking?

The Chinese Room Experiment
(Searle, 1980)
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A Thought Experiment: A person who
does not speak Chinese is locked in a
room with a set of rules for relating
Chinese symbols. The person can use
the rules to respond to input in Chinese
just like a native speaker of Chinese.
More on the Chinese Room...
Searle’s question: Can we say that the
person really understands Chinese?
 Searle’s answer: No, because the
person does not show intentionality.
 intentionality: purpose, belief, emotion

Non-Logical Reasoning
about AI
Double Standard: machines must show
better evidence of intelligence than
required of people
 Moving Standard: the criterion for
success changes each time it is met
 Circular Definition: definition of
intelligence requires it to be in humans
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