Thinking Machines
... I Computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, mathematical biologist, and marathon and ultra distance runner. I His work shortened the WW-II by as many as two to four years I Turing was prosecuted in 1952 for homosexual acts I Died of cyanide poisoning ...
... I Computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, mathematical biologist, and marathon and ultra distance runner. I His work shortened the WW-II by as many as two to four years I Turing was prosecuted in 1952 for homosexual acts I Died of cyanide poisoning ...
On a razor`s edge: evaluating arguments from expert opinion
... The way forward advocated in the present paper is to use formal computational argumentation systems that (1) can apply argumentation schemes (2) that are to be used along with argument diagramming tools and (3) that distinguish between Pollock-style rebutters and undercutters (Pollock, 1995). On thi ...
... The way forward advocated in the present paper is to use formal computational argumentation systems that (1) can apply argumentation schemes (2) that are to be used along with argument diagramming tools and (3) that distinguish between Pollock-style rebutters and undercutters (Pollock, 1995). On thi ...
What is AI?
... Several Greek schools developed various forms of logic: notation and rules of derivation for thoughts; may or may not have proceeded to the idea of mechanization ...
... Several Greek schools developed various forms of logic: notation and rules of derivation for thoughts; may or may not have proceeded to the idea of mechanization ...
A reasoning model based on the production of acceptable arguments
... quantified with a degree in [0, 1]. In particular, it should be possible to assess the reason why a fact holds, in the form of arguments, and combine these arguments to evaluate the certainty. Indeed, the process of combination may be viewed as a kind of reasoning about the arguments in order to det ...
... quantified with a degree in [0, 1]. In particular, it should be possible to assess the reason why a fact holds, in the form of arguments, and combine these arguments to evaluate the certainty. Indeed, the process of combination may be viewed as a kind of reasoning about the arguments in order to det ...
Knowledgebase Compilation for Efficient Logical Argumentation
... Another approximation approach is cost-bounded argumentation proposed for a form of probabilistic argumentation (Haenni 2001). For this, the cost is a function of the premises used for each argument, and this is justified in terms of probabilities associated with the formulae. In effect, the cost fu ...
... Another approximation approach is cost-bounded argumentation proposed for a form of probabilistic argumentation (Haenni 2001). For this, the cost is a function of the premises used for each argument, and this is justified in terms of probabilities associated with the formulae. In effect, the cost fu ...
Physical symbol systems - Research Showcase @ CMU
... human symbolic behavior and linguistic behavior could be the same, as could development and learning. Not all constraints are necessarily independent. T o be a neural system implies being a physical system, though there can be reasons to consider the more general constraint separately. Some of the c ...
... human symbolic behavior and linguistic behavior could be the same, as could development and learning. Not all constraints are necessarily independent. T o be a neural system implies being a physical system, though there can be reasons to consider the more general constraint separately. Some of the c ...
Revisiting Turing and His Test
... philosophical analysis of the fundamental concepts can be useful for cutting edge research. There has been recently a growing interest in simulating and testing in machines not just intelligence, but also other mental human phenomena, like qualia. The challenge is twofold: the creation of conscious ...
... philosophical analysis of the fundamental concepts can be useful for cutting edge research. There has been recently a growing interest in simulating and testing in machines not just intelligence, but also other mental human phenomena, like qualia. The challenge is twofold: the creation of conscious ...
Prioritized Norms and Defaults in Formal
... such as “if you go to the party, then you don’t have to have a drink with me”. Both ordinary norms and permissive norms are conditional norms, requiring some condition to hold (e.g., going to the party) before their conclusion can be drawn. To distinguish the ordinary norms of N from the permissive ...
... such as “if you go to the party, then you don’t have to have a drink with me”. Both ordinary norms and permissive norms are conditional norms, requiring some condition to hold (e.g., going to the party) before their conclusion can be drawn. To distinguish the ordinary norms of N from the permissive ...
Making Argumentation More Believable
... is a group of commuters who live in the city, then the politician would want to provide arguments that relate to what the audience is likely to be familiar with, perhaps saying that the money raised would be used to buy much-needed new buses, and there would be less pollution for pedestrians. In con ...
... is a group of commuters who live in the city, then the politician would want to provide arguments that relate to what the audience is likely to be familiar with, perhaps saying that the money raised would be used to buy much-needed new buses, and there would be less pollution for pedestrians. In con ...
Alan Turing “Founder of computer science” Prof. Jonathan P. Bowen www.jpbowen.com
... “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.” – New Yorker ...
... “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.” – New Yorker ...
What Is a Computer?
... The knight arose, took up the brachet and rode away with the brachet. [66] A lady came in and cried aloud to King Arthur, “Sire, the brachet is mine”. [66] There was the white brachet which bayed at him fast. [72] The hart lay dead; a brachet was biting on his throat, and other hounds came behind. [ ...
... The knight arose, took up the brachet and rode away with the brachet. [66] A lady came in and cried aloud to King Arthur, “Sire, the brachet is mine”. [66] There was the white brachet which bayed at him fast. [72] The hart lay dead; a brachet was biting on his throat, and other hounds came behind. [ ...
Change in argumentation systems: exploring the interest of
... Although dynamics of argumentation systems has been recently explored by several works ([6, 7, 5, 11]), the removal of an argument has scarcely been mentioned. However, there exist practical applications. First of all, a speaker can need to occult ∗ This is a draft version, the article was published ...
... Although dynamics of argumentation systems has been recently explored by several works ([6, 7, 5, 11]), the removal of an argument has scarcely been mentioned. However, there exist practical applications. First of all, a speaker can need to occult ∗ This is a draft version, the article was published ...
Practical First-order Argumentation
... It is paramount to notice that using a propositional framework to encode first-order statements leads to mishaps, e.g., when attempting to mimic ∀x.α[x] by means of its instances α[t] for all ground elements t in the universe of discourse: Due to circumstantial properties, it may happen that, whatev ...
... It is paramount to notice that using a propositional framework to encode first-order statements leads to mishaps, e.g., when attempting to mimic ∀x.α[x] by means of its instances α[t] for all ground elements t in the universe of discourse: Due to circumstantial properties, it may happen that, whatev ...
Inconsistency Tolerance in Weighted Argument Systems
... ([16] was not based on Dung). These priorities seem best interpreted as relating to the strength of the arguments — indeed the strength of arguments are inferred from the strengths of the rules from which the arguments are constructed. A similar notion is at the heart of the argumentation systems in ...
... ([16] was not based on Dung). These priorities seem best interpreted as relating to the strength of the arguments — indeed the strength of arguments are inferred from the strengths of the rules from which the arguments are constructed. A similar notion is at the heart of the argumentation systems in ...
Anatomy
... Computer Power and Human Reason seems a bit quaint today, much the same as Turing’s 1950 paper does. For one thing, Weizenbaum perceived his mission as partly to educate an uninformed public about computers. Presumably the uninformed public was confusing science fiction with reality. Most of the boo ...
... Computer Power and Human Reason seems a bit quaint today, much the same as Turing’s 1950 paper does. For one thing, Weizenbaum perceived his mission as partly to educate an uninformed public about computers. Presumably the uninformed public was confusing science fiction with reality. Most of the boo ...
Artificial Consciousness
... For instance, why are not we able to design a working semantic search engine? Yes, we are aware that there is a great deal of interest as to the semantic web and other related project that herald their grasp of semantic aspects of information. Unfortunately, most of the work in the area, apart from ...
... For instance, why are not we able to design a working semantic search engine? Yes, we are aware that there is a great deal of interest as to the semantic web and other related project that herald their grasp of semantic aspects of information. Unfortunately, most of the work in the area, apart from ...
Argumentation Theory in the Field: An Empirical Study of
... will have this property, yet only 78% of the deliberants used a conflict-free set Ai . Namely, that 22% of the deliberants used at least 2 conflicting arguments, i.e, one attacks the other. From a purely logical point of view, the use of conflicting arguments is very grating. Yet, we know that some ...
... will have this property, yet only 78% of the deliberants used a conflict-free set Ai . Namely, that 22% of the deliberants used at least 2 conflicting arguments, i.e, one attacks the other. From a purely logical point of view, the use of conflicting arguments is very grating. Yet, we know that some ...
Exploring the Complex Interplay between AI and Consciousness
... that seem to stem from methodological limitations. Machine learning often requires large, accurate training sets, shows little awareness of what’s known or not known, integrates new knowledge poorly into old, learns only one task at a time, allows little transfer of learned knowledge to new tasks, a ...
... that seem to stem from methodological limitations. Machine learning often requires large, accurate training sets, shows little awareness of what’s known or not known, integrates new knowledge poorly into old, learns only one task at a time, allows little transfer of learned knowledge to new tasks, a ...
A Perspective on Machine Consciousness
... From the perspective of philosophers, ‘machine consciousness’ is a very comple issue. To make things more tractable, Sloman and Chrisley [13], [15], [22]-[24] suggest that instead of defining and characterizing consciousness, it is better to put down the expected traits of something being conscious ...
... From the perspective of philosophers, ‘machine consciousness’ is a very comple issue. To make things more tractable, Sloman and Chrisley [13], [15], [22]-[24] suggest that instead of defining and characterizing consciousness, it is better to put down the expected traits of something being conscious ...
The Status and Future of the Turing Test
... The key move was to define intelligence operationally, i.e., in terms of the computer’s ability, tested over a typewriter link, to sustain a simulation of an intelligent human when subjected to questioning. (Michie, 1996, p. 29) Operational definitions set up logical and conceptual links between the ...
... The key move was to define intelligence operationally, i.e., in terms of the computer’s ability, tested over a typewriter link, to sustain a simulation of an intelligent human when subjected to questioning. (Michie, 1996, p. 29) Operational definitions set up logical and conceptual links between the ...
Alleys of Your Mind: Augmented Intelligence and Its
... intelligent machines as a quest for the positive definition of error, abnormality, trauma, and catastrophe—a set of concepts that need to be understood in their cognitive, technological and political composition. It may be surprising for some to find out that Foucault’s history of biopower and techn ...
... intelligent machines as a quest for the positive definition of error, abnormality, trauma, and catastrophe—a set of concepts that need to be understood in their cognitive, technological and political composition. It may be surprising for some to find out that Foucault’s history of biopower and techn ...
in the control room of the banquet
... But the task I just set demonstrates an important problem with the original Turing Test viewed sixty-five years after its conception: being unable to distinguish a computer from a person once is not always enough. No one in their right mind and being honest could argue that it’s clear which fourteen ...
... But the task I just set demonstrates an important problem with the original Turing Test viewed sixty-five years after its conception: being unable to distinguish a computer from a person once is not always enough. No one in their right mind and being honest could argue that it’s clear which fourteen ...
A Computational Foundation for the Study of Cognition
... One might think that CSAs are not much of an advance on FSAs. Finite CSAs, at least, are no more computationally powerful than FSAs; there is a natural correspondence that associates every finite CSA with an FSA with the same input/output behavior. Of course infinite CSAs (such as Turing machines) a ...
... One might think that CSAs are not much of an advance on FSAs. Finite CSAs, at least, are no more computationally powerful than FSAs; there is a natural correspondence that associates every finite CSA with an FSA with the same input/output behavior. Of course infinite CSAs (such as Turing machines) a ...
Tilburg University The Nexus between Artificial Intelligence and
... biology and technology will blur and eventually become irrelevant. Humanity would be aided by the interaction with technology and potential pitfalls mitigated by smart technological solutions. Most Singularitarians believe that the Singularity will take place in this century, likely even within seve ...
... biology and technology will blur and eventually become irrelevant. Humanity would be aided by the interaction with technology and potential pitfalls mitigated by smart technological solutions. Most Singularitarians believe that the Singularity will take place in this century, likely even within seve ...
The computing legacy of Alan M. Turing
... Alan M. Turing is arguably the most influential person who shaped the domains of computing, artificial intelligence and digital forecast. The computing community worldwide celebrated 2012 as Alan Turing year to honour his contributions and celebrate his lasting scientific influence on computing and ...
... Alan M. Turing is arguably the most influential person who shaped the domains of computing, artificial intelligence and digital forecast. The computing community worldwide celebrated 2012 as Alan Turing year to honour his contributions and celebrate his lasting scientific influence on computing and ...
Chinese room
The Chinese room is a thought experiment presented by the philosopher John Searle to challenge the claim that it is possible for a computer running a program to have a ""mind"" and ""consciousness"" in the same sense that people do, simply by virtue of running the right program. The experiment is intended to help refute a philosophical position that Searle named ""strong AI"":""The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds.""To contest this view, Searle writes in his first description of the argument: ""Suppose that I'm locked in a room and ... that I know no Chinese, either written or spoken"". He further supposes that he has a set of rules in English that ""enable me to correlate one set of formal symbols with another set of formal symbols"", that is, the Chinese characters. These rules allow him to respond, in written Chinese, to questions, also written in Chinese, in such a way that the posers of the questions – who do understand Chinese – are convinced that Searle can actually understand the Chinese conversation too, even though he cannot. Similarly, he argues that if there is a computer program that allows a computer to carry on an intelligent conversation in a written language, the computer executing the program would not understand the conversation either.The experiment is the centerpiece of Searle's Chinese room argument which holds that a program cannot give a computer a ""mind"", ""understanding"" or ""consciousness"", regardless of how intelligently it may make it behave. The argument is directed against the philosophical positions of functionalism and computationalism, which hold that the mind may be viewed as an information processing system operating on formal symbols. Although it was originally presented in reaction to the statements of artificial intelligence (AI) researchers, it is not an argument against the goals of AI research, because it does not limit the amount of intelligence a machine can display. The argument applies only to digital computers and does not apply to machines in general. This kind of argument against AI was described by John Haugeland as the ""hollow shell"" argument.Searle's argument first appeared in his paper ""Minds, Brains, and Programs"", published in Behavioral and Brain Sciences in 1980. It has been widely discussed in the years since.