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GREAT MARKETING EDUCATION FOR SMALL COUNTRIES Janez Damjan Zlatko Jancic University of Ljubljana Slovenia 7th International Marketing Conference European Marketing Challenge Budapest, Nov. 21 1997 OUR CUSTOMERS ARE MARKETING STUDENTS over 1000 marketing students in Slovenia in 5 undergraduate and 3 graduate programs (+many seminars) till recently the most popular field!!! predominantly female (around 70%) well motivated and more active students Share of marketing students 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% Economy Other Business 50% Finance Marketing 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 QUESTIONS FOR GREATER STUDENT SATISFACTION What should be today’s marketing education for tomorrow business environment in Slovenia and in Europe? Is there such a thing as European marketing model? Is it possible? How appropriate are American marketing textbooks? Which methods to use for teaching marketing practice in classrooms? H: Present marketing education model in Slovenia is not adequate! DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETING EDUCATION [email protected] 1955: Trading of commercial goods 1959: International trading 1961: Selling policy 1966 - entrepreneur orientation 1971: Commercial policy with market analysis (=marketing till 1973) 1973 - Business studies: orientation in 3rd grade in international trade, commerce, tourism etc. 1973: Commercial trading 1974: Business psychology 1975: Slovenian Marketing Ass. established DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETING EDUCATION [email protected] 1984 1986: International business 1988: International marketing DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETING EDUCATION [email protected] 1990: Chair of business sciences 1990: Marketing channels 1991: Marketing policy; Marketing research methods; Advertising/ + marketing orientation in 3rd grade 1992: Foundations of marketing 1993: Chair of marketing Growth of marketing diplomas 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1995 1993 1991 1989 1987 1985 1983 1981 1979 1977 1975 1973 1971 1969 1967 1965 1963 1961 0 MARKETING EDUCATION vs. PRACTICE Adding new courses had always been a very slow reaction to the needs of business reality. In practice Slovenian managers had been relatively very successful. They had learned: by by by by doing travelling reading listening to foreigners. Prevalence of self-made marketers. Practitioners have critical view of marketing academics. EDUCATION AND SUCCESS OF MRKTG. MANAGERS Results of analysis of Slovenian Marketing Association membership N = 216 members aver. age: 38 years 53 % females 79 % with faculty degree 52 % degree in Econ./Mrktg. 25 % other social sciences 23 % technical, design, others Who is more successful? EDUCATION AND SEX STRUCTURE OF MARKETERS IN SMA Educational background of marketers Professional staff Management Top management 0% 20% Economics 40% Other social sciences 60% 80% Technical and design Gender structure of marketers Professional staff Management Top management 0% 50% Male Female 100% 100% THE MARKETING PROGRAM AT [email protected] MARKETING COURSES: Foundations of Marketing Marketing Research Methods Consumer Behaviour Distribution Channels Marketing Communications International Marketing 255 hours of lectures + 210 hours of exercises and seminars in 3rd and 4th year Main literature is Philip Kotler: Marketing Management, 1996 translation of 8th edition + “derived” study materials FEEDBACK FROM FIRST GENERATION 33 students graduated with diploma in marketing field till 1996 (= 15%) 26 answered the questionnaire in X/97 13 actually work in marketing RESULTS: All agree, at least 50 % of school marketing knowledge comes useful and is good foundation to build on. Most often mentioned topics: marketing research (23x) marketing communications (11x) consumer behaviour (6x) FEEDBACK FROM FIRST GENERATION Over 50% of necessary knowledge gained at work. Most often mentioned: customer relations (6x) business-to business marketing (2x) non-related areas (5x) Ways to new knowledge: journals, books and magazines (15x) seminars (7x) from colleagues (5x) through work (6x) Recommended changes in program: case studies (17x) team work on projects (6x) company visits and internships (7x) FEEDBACK FROM MARKETING LECTURERS lecturing to hundreds of students in big classrooms; too few teachers (100:1 ratio); “forced” to use traditional methods; no domestic case studies; lack of domestic literature; little time and money for basic research, but many opportunities for commercial studies?! still much opposition to marketing by older “economy” professors; good spirit and collaboration among younger colleagues; MORE REASONS TO BE CONCERNED marketing still not recognised as a science; marketing seen as a craft of sophisticated selling and advertising; simplified 4 P’s world view; shallow understanding of the marketing concept broadening; missing the paradigm shift in marketing. REASONS FOR DEFECT QUALITY OF PROGRAM too much positivism in theory; predominance of managerial approach (“kotlerian” orientation); lack of interdisciplinary approach myopic views about; home markets, services, internal, and inter-organisational marketing issues absence of global, multicultural orientation; FUTURE MARKETING EDUCATION TRENDS from mass marketing to the “segment” of one; from (trans)action orientation to relationships and networks; from customer marketing to stakeholder marketing; from competitive marketing to co-operative&competitive marketing; from manipulative marketing to ecological and ethical (holistic) marketing; SOME CONCLUSIONS OR SUGGESTIONS Rapid development of countries in transition, but current results are still not satisfactory. Disseminated knowledge is obsolete and marketing curriculum needs deeper and faster changes. Marketing as managerial and social process should not be domain of business schools. Marketing must become the fundamental course in the majority of faculty programs. Thank you for your attention! SMALL COUNTRIES DESERVE A GREAT MARKETING EDUCATION! FEEDBACK FROM THIRD* GENERATION 1996/97 generation was first to use Kotler’s Marketing Management translation; had very many complaints. 234 students of the basic marketing course filled out Gaski&Etzel (1986) questionnaire, which measures consumers attitudes toward marketing, twice: first and last week of semester. H: Studying marketing influences student perceptions of business environment was not confirmed. (few significant differences) H: Partly confirmed that selected teaching approach influenced student perception of marketing.