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Myers’ Psychology for AP Kerri Dowd Hazen High School Psychology’s History & Approaches Do now: • Please get a book from the cart. • If you haven’t already, read the “Have you ever” bullet points on pages 1 and 2. • Which of these questions most intrigue you? • What are three things you have always wondered about human behavior? Do now! How would you establish the validity of these statements? • God is dead • The best things in life are free • Abortion is wrong • There is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia • The mind is just like a computer • Attitudes affect cancer • Macklemore is better than Miley Cyrus The same or different? Elevator: I need eight volunteers! What gestures can you think of that mean different things in different cultures? Key Names for this Unit: • • • • • • • • • • • Aristotle Francis Bacon Mary Whiton Calkins Charles Darwin Rene Descartes Dorothea Dix Sigmund Freud G. Stanley Hall William James John Locke Abraham Maslow • • • • • • • • • • • Ivan Pavlov Jean Piaget Plato Rosalie Rayner Carl Rogers B.F. Skinner Socrates E.B. Titchener Margaret Floy Washburn John B. Watson Wilhelm Wundt Discussion: What do you know about any of these people already? And now: A brief history https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1wKZ qnsi6E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsxKc Y94EB4 Do now! How easy was it to learn from the two videos? How did they work with your learning style? Key Terms: What is Psychology? What is Psychology? • • • • • • • • Empiricism Structuralism Functionalism Experimental Psychology Behaviorism Humanistic Psychology Cognitive Neuroscience Psychology Discussion: What’s the difference between structuralism & functionalism? Key Terms: Contemporary Psych • • • • • • • • • • • • Nature-nurture issue Natural selection Levels of analysis Biopsychosoocial approach Biological psychology Evolutionary psychology Psychodynamic psychology Behavioral psychology Cognitive psychology Social-cultural psychology Psychometrics Basic research • • • • • • • • • • Developmental psychology Educational psychology Personality psychology Social psychology Applied research Industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology Human factors psychology Counseling psychology Clinical psychology Psychiatry Three levels of biopsychosocial analysis Biological Psychological Social-cultural A timeline overview Approaches & Perspectives: Bio Approach Biological Focus How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences; how genes combine with environment to influence individual differences. Sample Questions • How are messages transmitted within the body? • How is blood chemistry linked with moods and motives? • What traits are attributable to our genes? A&P: Evolutionary & Psychodynamic Approach Evolutionary Focus How the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes* Sample Questions • How does evolution influence behavior tendencies? Psychodynamic How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts Sample Questions • How can someone's personality traits and disorders be explained in terms of drives? • How can someone's behavior be explained as disguised effects of childhood trauma? A&P: Behavioral & Cognitive Approach Behavioral Focus How we learn observable responses Sample Questions • How do we learn to fear particular objects or situations? • What is the best way to alter our behavior? Cognitive How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information Sample Questions • How do we use information in remembering? • Reasoning? • Solving problems? A&P: Humanistic & Social-cultural Approach Focus Humanistic How we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve selffulfillment Sample Questions • How can we work toward our potential? • How can we break through barriers to personal growth? Social-Cultural How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures Sample Questions • How are we alike as members of one human family? • How do our environments influence differences? Ugh! How will I remember? A mnemonic device you can TAKE WITH YOU to the exam! • On the sheet of paper you’ve been given, trace your hand! • Now label your hand as follows to remember the approaches: Cognitive: Perception, sensation, memory, problem solving Pscychoanalytic/ Psychodynamic: Freud/childhood influences Behaviorism: Can “flip off” rewards & punishments Humanistic/ Existential: Needs for love/belonging Biological: Brain structure, chemicals & heredity influence Sociocultural: The effects of gender, ethnicity, culture and SE status on behavior & mental processes Whole Hand— Evolutionary: Behaviors adapt to continue the species Let’s Practice! • Buttons Activity • Why the Heck do I do that? (Uh oh… homework!!!) • The Outrageous Celebrity
