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Earth’s Rocks Minerals Rocks Soils Miscellaneous 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 Minerals form only in ____________, from materials that were never alive. nature What is the most useful property for identifying minerals. hardness How is a rock different from a mineral? A rock is made up of one or more minerals. Name one mineral and how it is used everyday. Graphite – pencil Copper – computer parts Iron – make steel Rock salt - food Name one property of a minerals and how it is used to identify the mineral. streak, fluorescence, crystal shape, cleave, hardness Rock that forms when melted rock hardens. Igneous Rock Rock that forms when smaller bits of rock bind together. Sedimentary Rock Rock that has been changed by pressure, heat, or very hot water. Metamorphic Rock What types of rock can form thanks to the rock cycle? Igneous, Sedimentary, & Metamorphic Rock What causes both igneous and metamorphic rock to form where a land plate meets an ocean plate? Heat and pressure caused by the collision of the plates The bottom soil horizon, mainly composed of rock bedrock What is the middle layer of soil, which is mostly made of small bits of rock? Subsoil What soil layer contains the most humus; decayed plant and animal matter? Topsoil What natural event caused the soil to be blown from farms in the central US? Dust Bowl/Storms How thick is a layer of topsoil usually? A few centimeters A natural, solid substance with a definite chemical composition and physical structure. mineral The uppermost layer of soil, which is more crumbly than other soil layers. Topsoil It is important to conserve soil because it takes many __________ of years for soil to form naturally. thousands Melted rock within the Earth. magma Name one way farmers have changed their farming techniques to help conserve soil. Windbreaks of trees, contour plowing, strips with shallow/deep roots Tie Breaker The surface of the earth is made of these and is not this. The surface of the earth is made up of plates it is not a single slab of rock.