Download Rocks

Name: _________________
Period: ______
Date: __________________ks
ROCKS
What is a Rock?
 Can be composed as one ______________ or
more in various quantities.
Can be composed of other material besides minerals:
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Organic matter
Glass
Rock Cycle
 Continuous ______________ and
_____________ of rocks.
 Changing one form or rock to another
 Three main forms
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________________
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Igneous
 Means from “___________”
 Made from cooled molten material (the parent
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material for all rocks)
Classified by _________ (mineral content) and
____________(mineral crystal size)
Can be ___________ (plutonic): from magma
Can be ___________ (volcanic): from lava
Can be ___________ (dark colored minerals
Can be __________ ( light colored minerals)
Texture
 Based on the size of mineral crystals
 _______________: cooled fast, no individual crystals
formed
 _______________: cooled quickly, individual minerals can
be identified with assistance
 _______________: cooled slowly, individual minerals can
be seen without assistance
 _______________: different sizes to the texture based on
the rock cooling then reheating and cooling again
Igneous Families
 _____________Family:
 Made from minerals that are light in color, mostly silicates
(quartz, mica, feldspars)
 Most common rocks: granite, rhyolite, pumice, and obsidian
 ____________ Family:
 Made from minerals that are dark in color, mostly silicates
(biotite, pyroxene, olivine)
 Most common: gabbro, basalt, scoria
 ____________ Family:
 These are igneous rocks that can fit into either family due to
varying amounts of minerals and their quantities
Sedimentary
 Means comes from
_________________________________
 Formed by ___________ (pressure) and
_______________ (glued)
 Categorized by distinctive features that form the
rocks
 Found mostly by water
Clastic
 Found by running water (rivers)
 Formed by fragments of other rocks
 A streams capacity and competency (the strenght of
the water and carrying power) will sort the
sediments out.
 Common: conglomerate, sandstone, shale
 Held together by natural cements : silica, calcite,
iron oxide
Chemical
 Formed from waters with dissolved minerals that
precipitate out of solution (water dissolves and
minerals glue together)
 Most common: halite (rock salt), gypsum, compact
or chemical limestone
Organic
 Formed from the plant and animal remains
 Most common: coal and shell limestone
Sedimentary Features
 Stratification; arrangement of rock into visible layers
 Fossils: remains, imprint, or other evidence preserved
 Ripple marks: erosion actions that are left on rocks
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(wind, streams, waves, or currents)
Mud cracks: wet clay dries and compacts, splits
Nodules: lumps of hard-grained silica
Concretions: round solid masses of calcium carbonate
occur in shale
Geodes: sphere of silica rocks with hollowed centers that
contain quartz or calcite crystals
Metamorphic
 Formed from preexisting rocks
 Formed by applied heat and pressure
 ________________Metamorphism: large areas
changed by intense heat and pressure ( mountain
ranges)
 ________________Metamorphism: hot magma
moves onto the rock and changes it
Types of Metamorphic Rock
 ___________: the pressing of existing rock which
squeezes the mineral crystals into flat bands
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Example: granite becomes gneiss
Most common; gneiss, schist, slate
 ______________: (chemical): the changing of
existing rock by intense heat
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Most common: quartzite and marble