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Transcript
Matter &
The Atom
Matter
The term matter describes all of the
physical substances around us: your table,
your body, a pencil, water, and so forth
Matter
Anything that has
mass and takes up
space (has volume)
– Includes all things that
can be seen, tasted,
smelled, or touched
– Does not include heat,
sound, or light
Matter is made of atoms
What is a Model?
Models are diagrams or
descriptions of a theory or
concept
You and your pod are going to be given a
scientist to read about. As a group, you will
create one slide on the class Google
Presentation that outlines your scientist.
•
•
•
•
Moderator-Keep group on task, read questions to group,
facilitate group’s answer
Reader-reads the article excerpt to the group
Recorder-writes down the facts on the Google
Presentation
Presenter-presents the group’s answers to the class
Thoughts from yesterday….
How many atoms are in the Earth?
How long does it take for an atom to leave the body?
What are the Laws of Conservation?
How do atoms in plasma/fire react?
How can atoms move when I can’t see things (like the
table) move?
How does the atomic bomb know when to stop?
Wouldn’t it keep going and blow up the rest of the
world?
What would happen if all of the atoms just suddenly
disappeared?
If we did find out how to make matter, what would we
create with it?
What kind of matter are we made of, food atoms from
before we were born or what?? 
How do scientists know about the Big Bang?
Is the state of being alive made of atoms?
Why can’t we ever send actual people into different
planets?
Do scientists have a theory about why the matter is/was
contracting?
How do atomic bombs work?
Why can’t we split an atom (on our own)?
How do atoms break away from each other?
Do atoms reproduce?
Atoms are everywhere and make up everything
(including what we breathe and empty spaces)!
Weird that we (and our coffins) break down when
we die (don’t actually disappear-atoms that make
us up go help other things like plants grow).
We can’t destroy atoms…mind blown (or make
them).
Weird that everything is always moving (even
though it doesn’t appear to move).
What we eat has been something else….we’re like
cannibals!
I get why it’s now called the atomic bomb 
Sound, light, and heat aren’t matter, they are waves
(kind of weird).
We should figure out where matter came from in
the beginning!
I didn’t know that we don’t split an atom when we
cut something (unless you have a bomb), you only
separate them from each other.
Early Models of the Atom
Democritus
Universe was made of
empty space and tiny
bits of stuff
Called these tiny bits
of stuff atomos
Atoms could not be
divided
Early Models of the Atom
Lavoisier
Demonstrated that
burning wood caused
no change in mass
Law of Conservation
of Matter
Early Models of the Atom
Dalton
All elements are composed of indivisible particles.
Atoms of the same element are the same
Atoms of different elements are different.
Compounds consisted of atoms of different
elements combined together
Early Models of the Atom
Thomson
Plum pudding model
Atom made of a positively
charged material with the
negatively charged
electrons scattered through
it.
Early Models of the Atom
Rutherford
Mostly empty space
Small, positive
nucleus
Contained protons
Negative electrons
scattered around the
outside
Early Models of the Atom
Bohr
Electrons move in
definite orbits around
the nucleus
Early Models of the Atom
Chadwick
Discovered the neutron
Modern Model of the Atom
The electron cloud
Sometimes called the
wave model
Spherical cloud of
varying density
Varying density shows
where an electron is
more or less likely to
be
Atoms Family Album
In the center of Matterville, there is a place
called the Nucleus Arcade, where two
members of the Atoms Family like to hang
out. Perky Patty Proton, like her sisters, is
quite large with a huge smile and eyes that
sparkle (+). Patty is always happy and has a
very positive personality. Nerdy Nelda
Neutron is large like Patty, but she has a
boring, flat mouth and eyes with zero
expression (o). Her family is very apathetic
and neutral about everything. Patty, Nelda,
and their sisters spend all their time at the
arcade.
++
Patty Proton
Nelda Neutron
Atoms Family Album
Around the Nucleus Arcade, you will
find a series of roadways that are used
by another member of the Atoms
Family, Enraged Elliott Electron. Elliott
races madly around the Arcade on his
bright red chrome plated HarleyDavidson. He rides so fast that no one
can be sure where he is at any time.
Elliott is much smaller than Patty and
Nelda and he is always angry because
these bigger relatives will not let him in
the Arcade. He has a frown on his face,
eyes that are squinted with anger, and
a very negative (-) attitude.
Elliot Electron
Atoms Family Album
The first energy street can only hold only two Electron
brothers. The second energy street, called the Energy
Freeway, can hold 8 brothers. The third energy street,
called the Energy Superhighway, can hold 18 of the
brothers.
Atomic Structure
Nucleus
– Protons
– Neutrons
Electrons
Atomic Structure
Electrons
Tiny, very light particles
Have a negative electrical charge (-)
Move around the outside of the nucleus
Atomic Structure
Protons
Much larger and heavier than electrons
Protons have a positive charge (+)
Located in the nucleus of the atom
Atomic Structure
Neutrons
Large and heavy like protons
Neutrons have no electrical charge
Located in the nucleus of the atom
Atomic Structure
Periodic Table
Atomic
Number:
Element’s
Number of
Symbol:
protons and it is
An
alsoabbreviation
the number
Elements
Name
for
the element.
of electrons
in an
atom of an
element.Mass/Weight:
Atomic
Number of protons +
neutrons.
8
O
Oxygen
16
http://www.egs.edu/library/democritus/biography/-democritus excerpt,
DOA 10/2/13
http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmar
ks/lavoisier.html –Antoine Laurent Lavoisier The Chemical
Revolution Landmark, American Chemical Society, DOA 10/2/13
http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/composition/dalton.html
Dalton’s Atomic Theory, N. De Leon, 2001, DOA 10/4/13
http://www.tes.co.uk/teaching-resource/Thomson-and-39-s-PlumPudding-Model-of-the-Atom-6328814/ Thomson’s Plum Pudding
Model of the Atom, TES Editorial, 4/12/13, DOA 10/4/13
http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/timeline/pages/1911.html Rutherford
Atomic Theory, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House,
Piccadilly, London, W1J 0BA, UK., 4/9/04, DOA 10/13/13
http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/light/bohr.html The Bohr
Model, The Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of