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Matter & The Atom Matter The term matter describes all of the physical substances around us: your table, your body, a pencil, water, and so forth Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume) – Includes all things that can be seen, tasted, smelled, or touched – Does not include heat, sound, or light Matter is made of atoms What is a Model? Models are diagrams or descriptions of a theory or concept You and your pod are going to be given a scientist to read about. As a group, you will create one slide on the class Google Presentation that outlines your scientist. • • • • Moderator-Keep group on task, read questions to group, facilitate group’s answer Reader-reads the article excerpt to the group Recorder-writes down the facts on the Google Presentation Presenter-presents the group’s answers to the class Thoughts from yesterday…. How many atoms are in the Earth? How long does it take for an atom to leave the body? What are the Laws of Conservation? How do atoms in plasma/fire react? How can atoms move when I can’t see things (like the table) move? How does the atomic bomb know when to stop? Wouldn’t it keep going and blow up the rest of the world? What would happen if all of the atoms just suddenly disappeared? If we did find out how to make matter, what would we create with it? What kind of matter are we made of, food atoms from before we were born or what?? How do scientists know about the Big Bang? Is the state of being alive made of atoms? Why can’t we ever send actual people into different planets? Do scientists have a theory about why the matter is/was contracting? How do atomic bombs work? Why can’t we split an atom (on our own)? How do atoms break away from each other? Do atoms reproduce? Atoms are everywhere and make up everything (including what we breathe and empty spaces)! Weird that we (and our coffins) break down when we die (don’t actually disappear-atoms that make us up go help other things like plants grow). We can’t destroy atoms…mind blown (or make them). Weird that everything is always moving (even though it doesn’t appear to move). What we eat has been something else….we’re like cannibals! I get why it’s now called the atomic bomb Sound, light, and heat aren’t matter, they are waves (kind of weird). We should figure out where matter came from in the beginning! I didn’t know that we don’t split an atom when we cut something (unless you have a bomb), you only separate them from each other. Early Models of the Atom Democritus Universe was made of empty space and tiny bits of stuff Called these tiny bits of stuff atomos Atoms could not be divided Early Models of the Atom Lavoisier Demonstrated that burning wood caused no change in mass Law of Conservation of Matter Early Models of the Atom Dalton All elements are composed of indivisible particles. Atoms of the same element are the same Atoms of different elements are different. Compounds consisted of atoms of different elements combined together Early Models of the Atom Thomson Plum pudding model Atom made of a positively charged material with the negatively charged electrons scattered through it. Early Models of the Atom Rutherford Mostly empty space Small, positive nucleus Contained protons Negative electrons scattered around the outside Early Models of the Atom Bohr Electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus Early Models of the Atom Chadwick Discovered the neutron Modern Model of the Atom The electron cloud Sometimes called the wave model Spherical cloud of varying density Varying density shows where an electron is more or less likely to be Atoms Family Album In the center of Matterville, there is a place called the Nucleus Arcade, where two members of the Atoms Family like to hang out. Perky Patty Proton, like her sisters, is quite large with a huge smile and eyes that sparkle (+). Patty is always happy and has a very positive personality. Nerdy Nelda Neutron is large like Patty, but she has a boring, flat mouth and eyes with zero expression (o). Her family is very apathetic and neutral about everything. Patty, Nelda, and their sisters spend all their time at the arcade. ++ Patty Proton Nelda Neutron Atoms Family Album Around the Nucleus Arcade, you will find a series of roadways that are used by another member of the Atoms Family, Enraged Elliott Electron. Elliott races madly around the Arcade on his bright red chrome plated HarleyDavidson. He rides so fast that no one can be sure where he is at any time. Elliott is much smaller than Patty and Nelda and he is always angry because these bigger relatives will not let him in the Arcade. He has a frown on his face, eyes that are squinted with anger, and a very negative (-) attitude. Elliot Electron Atoms Family Album The first energy street can only hold only two Electron brothers. The second energy street, called the Energy Freeway, can hold 8 brothers. The third energy street, called the Energy Superhighway, can hold 18 of the brothers. Atomic Structure Nucleus – Protons – Neutrons Electrons Atomic Structure Electrons Tiny, very light particles Have a negative electrical charge (-) Move around the outside of the nucleus Atomic Structure Protons Much larger and heavier than electrons Protons have a positive charge (+) Located in the nucleus of the atom Atomic Structure Neutrons Large and heavy like protons Neutrons have no electrical charge Located in the nucleus of the atom Atomic Structure Periodic Table Atomic Number: Element’s Number of Symbol: protons and it is An alsoabbreviation the number Elements Name for the element. of electrons in an atom of an element.Mass/Weight: Atomic Number of protons + neutrons. 8 O Oxygen 16 http://www.egs.edu/library/democritus/biography/-democritus excerpt, DOA 10/2/13 http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmar ks/lavoisier.html –Antoine Laurent Lavoisier The Chemical Revolution Landmark, American Chemical Society, DOA 10/2/13 http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/composition/dalton.html Dalton’s Atomic Theory, N. De Leon, 2001, DOA 10/4/13 http://www.tes.co.uk/teaching-resource/Thomson-and-39-s-PlumPudding-Model-of-the-Atom-6328814/ Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model of the Atom, TES Editorial, 4/12/13, DOA 10/4/13 http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/timeline/pages/1911.html Rutherford Atomic Theory, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W1J 0BA, UK., 4/9/04, DOA 10/13/13 http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/light/bohr.html The Bohr Model, The Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of