Download Notes-Periodic Table (2nd Part)

Notes
SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table
Science
Tennessee SPI Objective:
Use the periodic table to determine the properties
of an element.
Essential Question(s)
How do I use the periodic table to…
a) …determine the atomic number?
b) …determine the atomic mass?
c) …determine the number of sub-atomic particles?
d) …determine other properties in an atom?
Check for Understanding
Identify the atomic number, atomic mass, number of
protons, neutrons, and electrons in atoms using the periodic
table.
Periodic Table in 3 Sections
(1) Metals, (2) Metalloids, and (3) Nonmetals
Metals: (on the left & middle)
Metalloids: (on the zig-zag line)
Nonmetals: (on the right)
Nonmetals
(on the right)
Groups 3 to 12
Metals
are called
the
(on
the left and
middle)
transition
metals
More Metals
These are actually located above
in the 6th & 7th periods (rows) in group (column) three)
Notes
SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table
Science
Periods:
The rows are called periods, and there are seven of them
Per 1
Per 2
Per 3
Per 4
Per 5
Per 6
Per 7
From period 6
From period 7
The period number tells you the number of electron shells
All elements in the same period have the same number of
electron shells
Lithium Atom
This atom has two electron shells.
So it is located in the second period.
The period numbers reveal the number of electron shells
Example: Every element in period 2 has 2 electron shells
Example: Every element in period 3 has 3 electron shells
Per 1
Per 2
Period 2 (Each element here has 2 electron shells)
Per 3
Period 3 (Each element here has 3 electron shells)
Per 4
Per 5
Per 6
Per 7
SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table
Notes
Science
Groups: The columns are called groups (also called families)
There are 18 groups
1
18
13
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
The group number (in some cases) can reveal how many
electrons are in the outer most shells.
Note: Electrons in the outer most shells are called valence electrons
Example: Lithium (see below-left) has one valence electron, so it
is in group (column) one.
Example: Beryllium (see below-right) has two valence electrons,
so it is in group (column) two.
Lithium Atom
Beryllium Atom
2 Valence Electrons
x4
x5
2 Valence Electrons
Again, group numbers can reveal the number of valence electrons
Note: However this only works for groups 1 to 2 and 13 to 18
(see arrows below)
1
18
13
2
14
15
16
This "trick" does not
work with groups 3 to 12
(called transition metals)
Memory Trick:
Remember V =V
V for vertical = V for valence electrons
17
Rule for Groups One and Two
1
2
Example:
Every element in group one has only
one valence electron.
Example:
Every element in group two has
exactly two valence electrons.
Rule for Groups 13 to 18
For Groups 13 to 18:
Subtract ten from each number
Example:
For group 13 subtract ten, and
you get three. So every element
in group 13 has three valence
electrons
Example:
For group 14 subtract ten, and
you get four. So every element in
group 14 has four valence
electrons
Number of valence electrons
18
13
14
15
16
3
4
5
6 7
17
8
Reactivity in Elements
For groups 1 to 2:
Reactivity increases from right to left
For groups 13 to 17: (ignore group 18…they are non-reactive!)
Reactivity increases from left to right
Groups 1 to 2
Groups 13 to 17
1
Again, ignore groups
3 to 12 for now
(called transition metals)
14
15
16
17
Non-reactive
13
2
For groups 13 to 17:
Review Question
Reactivity increases from left to right
So it decreases from right to left
Review Question
Period Four
Review Question
Period Two
Review Question
Groups 3 to 12
are called the
transition metals
Review
Question
Note: The atoms
get bigger,
are
heavier, and have more mass as
you go to the right and down the
periodic table.