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Constructing an Atom We’re going sub-atomic! Sub-Atomic! • Sub-Atomic just means, smaller then an atom. – This is related to the parts that make up an atom. • An Atom is made up of three parts: • Neutrons- neutrons are found in the nucleus and have no charge – Neutral =Neutron • Protrons- Protons are found in the nucleus and are positively charged. – Positive-protrons • Neutrons and Protons make up the nucleus of an Atom. Sub-Atomic! • Electrons- Electrons are located outside of the nucleus and are negatively charged! – They are constantly moving. • Protons, Neutrons and electrons together make an atom. Sub-Atomic? • Why are atoms important? – Besides being the most smallest unit that matter is made up of, – They make the elements. • Why is the nucleus and electrons so important to the elements? – Depending on the number of protons and neutrons in the Nucleus and electrons determines what type of element it will be! Sub - Atomic • Depending on the electron/proton ratio depends if an Atom is negatively charged or positively charge. – So if it has more protons then electrons then it will be _________________? – If it has more Electrons then Proton then it will be ____________? • What if it has more neutrons then protons? Iso….What? • When neutrons are more numerous than Protons the atoms become an Isotope. – What does this mean? • Doesn’t effect the charge, because neutrons doesn’t have ______________ ? • Will it effect the weight? Atomic Mass • The Atomic Mass is the weight of an atom. – Remember that atoms make up matter – And matter is anything that occupies space and has a mass – Well this is where the matter gets its mass!! • The Atomic Mass is neutrons + Protons!! – So when an atom has more neutrons than protons it won’t effect the charge but it will effect its weight! Atomic Number • While we’re talking about the Atomic Mass why not the Atomic Number? • The Atomic Number is the total number of Protons. – If you can not find the number of Protons you can count the electrons and that is equal to the Protons. – PROTONS #= ELECTRONS # Valence Electrons • Valence electrons- these are the electrons on the outer most orbit of the atom. – This does not include all the electrons just the electrons on the outer orbit of the atom. – Valence Electrons are responsible for atoms to react to each other!!! Electron Cloud Orbits • Each Atom can hold a specific amount of electrons in each orbit. – 1st can hold 2 – 2nd can hold 8 – 3rd can hold 8 • Atoms can have more than 3 orbits with more than 8 electrons on them. • The outer most orbit is responsible for atoms to react to each, by combining them to make Compounds. • What is located on the outer orbit for this to happen? O.M.G…Can I get some help? Periodic table to the rescue! • The Periodic table is a table with all the elements and their atom’s information – Important!! If you know how to read the Periodic table then you’ll be able to tell everything about an element and its atom!! – ITS LIKE YOUR CHEATING!!!!!.....BUT NOT!!!