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Transcript
Muonic Atoms 1 to produce the muon… p n n n or p n p p or where p: the proton n: the neutron T1 2 2.5 108[s] π:the pion ν:the neutrino μ:the muon 2 The nature of Muon Muons have a charge e, a mass equal to 207・m0 Muons themselves decay. e e e e T1 2 2.2 106 [s] 3 Before Muons decay, they are captured into atomic orbits and occupy the orbits of electrons. They make transitions from the outer to inner orbits. They radiate light in the x-ray region of the spectrum. Muons behave like heavy electrons. 40 2 2 ~Bohr model rn n 2 Ze m 12 ex. Mg 12 r ( e ) 4 . 5 10 [m] electrons: 1 r ( e ) 14 1 r ( ) 2 . 2 10 [m] muons: 1 207 Muon is closer to the nucleus than electron. The quantum energy in a muonic atom is larger by the ratio of the masses than the energy of transition in an electronic atom. Muonic atoms are objects of the nuclear physics research. Muonic terms diagram for an atom with Z=60 This energy transitions are similar to the hydrogen atom. The energy scale is MeV unlike the hydrogen. 6 Summary ~Muonic atoms Muons have a charge e and behave like heavy electrons. Therefore, we can apply the Bohr model. Muons are produced in decaying pions. Muons themselves decay. ~or else They are captured by atomic nuclei, make transitions, and radiate light. 7 Excitation of Quantum Jumps by Collisions 8 the ionization of atoms by using electron collisions Ionization events are detected as a current to the plate. 9 Franck-Hertz’s experiment 5eV 10 ~process~ electrons are accelerated ~up to a grid inelastic collisions (between electrons and atoms) electrons lose most of kinetic energy gas atoms receive the energies partially or completely from electrons they fall back to the grid by a braking voltage VB the anode A current is measured Improved experimental setup in Franck-Hertz’s experiment 12 Summary Electron collision experiments prove the existence of discrete excitation states in atoms. Franck-Hertz’s experiment establish the Bohr’s postulates. 13