Download Early Greeks and the Rise of City-States

Early Greeks and the Rise of City-States
-The Sea and the Land
-Early Greek Peoples
Minoans: The earliest people to settle Greece named after King Minos.
Frescos: Paintings made on wet plaster walls.
Mycenaean: Warring people who grouped themselves into clans and
tribes after conquering central Crete.
-The City-States of Greece
Polis: The Greek word for city-state.
Acropolis: a hill in which most city-state forts were built
Agora: A public meeting place or marketplace.
Greek Government and Society
-Greek Culture in the Homeric Age
Iliad: Story by homer that tells the story of the Trojan War.
Odyssey: Story that tells what happened after the Trojan War.
Homer: A blind poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey.
Myths: Traditional stories about gods, goddesses, and heroes.
Oracles: A place where the Greeks believed the gods spoke to them.
Olympic Games: A contest held in honor of Zeus, which tested men’s
physical strength.
-Greek Government: From Kings to Democracy
Aristocracies: Nobles who controlled the Greek city-states.
Hoplite: Heavy infantry which carried long spears and fought in closely
spaced rows.
Tyrants: Someone who illegally took power but had the people’s support.
Popular Government: A form of government where people can rule
themselves.
Democracy: A form of government in which citizens take part.
Sparta and Athens
-Sparta: The Military Ideal
Helots: People who used as slaves by the Spartans after they conquered
their city-state.
Ephors: Five people who were elected each year by the Spartans, who
made sure the king stayed within the laws.
-Athens: The Birth of Democracy
Metics: Non-citizens of Athens because they were born outside of Athens.
Archons: A group of nine rulers who served one-year terms.
Draco: Believed to make the first Athenian laws, which were said to be
very harsh and severe.
Solon: An archon who settled the disputes between creditors and debtors
by erasing the debts of the poor and outlawing slavery for the debt.
Peisistratus: A tyrant who ruled over Athens in 546 B.C. and 527 B.C.
Cleisthenes: A person who seized power in Athens and created direct
democracy.
Direct Democracy: A form of democracy where all citizens participate
directly in making decisions.
Representative Democracy: A form of democracy where citizens elect
people to govern them.
Daily Life in Athens
-The Athenian Economy
Terracing: Carving small, flat spots of land from hillsides.
Import: A good or service brought in from another country.
Export: A good or service sent to another country
-Home and Family Life
Sappho: A women poet in Greece.
Pedagogue: A man-slave who followed a boy around teaching him
manners.
-Education and Military Service
Sophists: A person who opened schools for older boys.
Ethics: A field of learning that deals with good, bad, and moral duty.
Rhetoric: A field of study that dealt with oratory, public speaking, and
debating.
The Expansion of Greece
-The Persian Wars
Persian Wars: A series of conflicts between Greece and Persia.
Battle of Marathon: The battle where Athens defeated the Persians at the
town of marathon.
Battle of Thermopylae: A battle in the mountain pass of Thermopylae
where 300 Spartans fought against the Persian army and were all killed.
Themistocles: The Athenian leader who achieved in defeating the Persian
army at the Salamis strait.
Delian League: An alliance of city-states with Athens as leader.
-The Age of Pericles
Pericles: Leader of Athens was a great general, orator, and statesman.
-The Peloponnesian War
Peloponnesian War: A war between Sparta an Athens.