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Key Scottish Environment Statistics 2010 This is a PowerPoint version of KSES 2010. Each slide is a chart from the 2010 publication, with the accompanying text included in the slide notes. Background Population and Households: 1991-2033 Population/Households (thousands) 6,000 5,000 Population 4,000 projections estimates 3,000 2,000 Households 1,000 0 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 Source: General Register Office for Scotland 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 2024 2027 2030 2033 Background Gross Domestic Product (GDP): 1978-2009 Scottish GDP at basic prices (2004=100) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1979 1984 Source: Scottish Government 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 Background Electricity generation by source: 2000-2008 Electricity generated (GigaWatt hours) 20,000 Nuclear 18,000 Coal 16,000 14,000 12,000 Gas and Oil 10,000 8,000 Renewables 6,000 4,000 Hydroelectric (pumped storage) 2,000 0 2000 2001 2002 Source: Department for Energy and Climate Change 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Background Motor traffic on all roads: 1993-2009 Million vehicle kilometres 50,000 Heavy goods vehicles Light goods vehicles Two-wheel vehicles + buses Cars 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 1993 1995 Source: Department for Transport 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Public Attitudes Perceived significant environmental problems: 2008 What is the most significant environmental problem? Other environmental problems? (percentage of respondents) Climate change / global warming / greenhouse effect / melting ice Household waste / disposal CO2 emissions Changes in weather / freak weather Consumption / wasting natural resources Pollution from road traffic / congestion Pollution from factories / industry Heavy traffic Carbon footprint / carbon offsetting % most significant problem % other problems Recycling 0 Source: Scottish Government 5 10 15 20 25 30 Public Attitudes Agreement or Disagreement with Statements about Climate Change and the Environment: 2008 To what extent do you agree/disagree with each statement? (percentage of respondents) Agree Tackling climate change shouldn't come at the expense of the Scottish economy Neutral/Don't know 45 The environment is a low priority for me compared with a lot of other things in my life 37 I don't believe my behaviour and everyday lifestyle contribute to climate change 35 The so-called environmental crisis facing humanity has been greatly exaggerated 23 32 17 46 16 25 48 19 55 It’s not worth Scotland trying to combat climate change because other countries will just cancel out what we do 22 It's not worth doing things to help the environment if others don't do the same 22 10 68 The effects of climate change are too far into the future to really worry me 22 11 66 Climate change will only have an impact on other countries, there is no need for me to worry Source: Scottish Government 6 9 Disagree 13 65 85 Public Attitudes Perceived Immediacy of Climate Change: 2008 Which of these views, if any, comes closest to your own view about climate change? None of these Don't know 4% 4% I'm still not convinced climate change is happening 9% Climate change is not really a problem 4% Climate change is more a problem for the future 22% Source: Scottish Government Climate change is an immediate and urgent problem 57% Public Attitudes Frequency of Use of Local Greenspace Frequency of use by time to walk to local greenspace (percentage of respondents) 60 Every day/Several times a w eek Never visit local greenspace 50 40 30 20 10 0 Less than a 5 minute w alk Source: Source: Scottish Social Attitudes Survey 2009: Sustainable Places and Greenspace Within a 5-10 minute w alk More than a 10 minute w alk Global Atmosphere Annual Mean Temperature: 1910-2009 Annual mean temperature – difference from 1961-1990 average (degrees Celcius) 1.5 Annual mean difference from baseline Baseline (1961-1990 average) 1.0 0.5 ` 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 1910 1920 Source: Met Office 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Global Atmosphere Annual precipitation: 1910-2009 Annual precipitation as a percentage of 1961-1990 average 140 130 Annual mean as percentage of baseline Baseline (1961-1990 average) 120 110 100 90 80 70 1910 1920 Source: Met Office 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Global Atmosphere Net Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source: 1990 - 2008 Greenhouse gas emissions taking account of emissions and removals (Mt CO2e) 80 Million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent Waste management 70 Public 60 Residential 50 Industrial process 40 Business 30 International aviation and shipping (IA&S) 20 Transport (excluding IA&S) Energy supply 10 Agriculture 0 1990 1995 -10 Source: National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) Global Atmosphere Greenhouse Gas Emissions adjusted to take account of trading in the EU Emissions Trading System: 1990-2008 Greenhouse gas emissions taking account of emissions and removals (Mt CO2e) Million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent 80 70 60 50 2020 target 40 30 20 2050 target 10 0 1990 Base Year 1995 Source: National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory 2000 2005 2010 2015 Global Atmosphere Column ozone measurements: 1981-2009 Column ozone concentrations over Lerwick (Dobson units) 400 375 350 325 300 275 1981 1983 1985 1987 Source: AEA Energy and Environment 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Air Quality Particulate (PM10) concentrations: 1993-2009 Annual mean concentration (µg/m3) 45 40 2004 AQS objective 35 30 25 20 15 2010 AQS objective Aberdeen 10 Edinburgh Centre Edinburgh St. Leonards 5 Glasgow Centre 0 1993 1995 1997 Source: Scottish Air Quality Database 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Air Quality Nitrogen dioxide concentrations: 1992-2009 Annual mean concentrations (µg/m3) 60 50 40 2005 AQS objective 30 Edinburgh Centre 20 Edinburgh St. Leonards Glasgow Centre 10 0 1992 Glasgow City Chambers 1994 1996 Source: Scottish Air Quality Database 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Air Quality Ground level ozone concentrations: 1990-2009 Number of days exceeding 100µg/m3 (maximum 8hr running mean) 70 60 AQS Objective Strath Vaich 50 Eskdalemuir Bush Estate 40 30 20 10 0 1990 1992 1994 Source: Scottish Air Quality Database 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Air Quality Emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from large combustion plants: 1996-2009 Annual LCP emissions (thousand tonnes) 120 100 SO 2 NOx 80 60 40 20 0 1996 1998 Source: Scottish Environment Protection Agency 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Air Quality Sensitive habitats affected by air pollution: 1995-1997 to 2006-2008 Percentage of sensitive habitat area affected by acid and nutrient nitrogen (N) deposition 80 70 Acidity Nutrient nitrogen 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1995-97 1996-98 1997-99 1998-00 1999-01 2000-02 2001-03 2002-04 2003-05 2004-06 2006-08 Source: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Water Public Water Supplies - Water abstracted and supplied : 2002/03-2009/10 Million litres per day (Ml/d) Treatment Process Losses & Raw Water Mains Losses Domestic Consumption 3,000 2,500 Non Domestic Consumption 2,000 Operational Use 1,500 Total Leakage 1,000 Raw Water Abstracted 500 Treated Water Produced 0 2002/03 2003/04 Source: Scottish Water 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Water Drinking water quality: 1991-2009 Percentage of samples at consumer’s taps failing test 7 6 Total coliforms Faecal coliforms 5 4 3 2 1 0 1991 1993 1995 Source: Drinking Water Quality Regulator for Scotland 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Water Nitrate concentrations in rivers: 1993-2009 Distribution of mean nitrate concentrations, percentage of sites within each band 100 90 80 70 ≥ 7.5 mg N/l 60 50 2.5 to < 7.5 mg N/l 40 0.75 to < 2.5 mg N/l 30 0.3 to < 0.75 mg N/l < 0.3 mg N/l 20 10 0 1993 1995 1997 1999 Source: Scottish Environment Protection Agency 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Water Orthophosphate concentrations in rivers: 1993-2009 Distribution of mean orthophosphate concentrations, percentage of sites within each band 100 90 80 70 60 ≥ 250 μg P/l 50 125 to < 250 μg P/l 50 to < 125 μg P/l 25 to < 50 μg P/l 40 30 < 25 μg P/l 20 10 0 1993 1995 1997 Source: Scottish Environment Protection Agency 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Compliance with EC bathing water directive (76/160/EEC): 1988-2009 Percentage compliance of coastal bathing water 100 90 80 Mandatory standard 70 60 50 40 Guideline standard 30 20 10 0 1988 1990 1992 1994 Source: Scottish Environment Protection Agency 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Marine Selected Commercial Fish Stocks: 1960s – 2010 300 1000 Cod SSB (thousand tonnes) 250 Marine Haddock SSB (thousand tonnes) 800 200 600 150 400 100 200 50 0 0 1960 2500 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 600 Herring SSB (thousand tonnes) 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Saithe SSB (thousand tonnes) 500 2000 400 1500 300 1000 200 500 100 0 1960 0 1970 1980 Source: Marine Scotland Science, ICES 1990 2000 2010 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Radioactivity Exposure of the population to all sources of radiation: 2003 Average annual dose in Scotland, 2,400 microsieverts Medical 17% Other 1% Radon 43% Internal 10% Cosmic 14% Gamma 16% Source: HPA – Radiation Protection Division Radioactivity Activity concentrations in milk: 1966-2009 Activity concentrations 12 10 Caesium-137 (Bq/litre) 8 Strontium 90 (Bq/g of calcium) 6 4 2 0 1966 1970 1974 Source: HPA – Radiation Protection Division 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 Waste Waste sent to landfill: 2000-2008 Million tonnes 12 Total waste sent to landfill 10 Biodegradable Municipal Waste (BMW) sent to landfill (financial years) 8 6 4 2 0 2000 2001 2002 Source: Scottish Environment Protection Agency 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): 2000/2001-2008/2009 Million tonnes 4.0 Total MSW, less recycled / composted Recycled / composted 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 Source: Scottish Environment Protection Agency 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 Waste Waste Waste Recycling Behaviour: 2000-2009 Percentage of households surveyed 2007-2008, who reported recycling certain waste items in the past month This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright 2009. Scottish Government Licence number: 100020540 2009. Source: Scottish Government (data), Ordnance Survey (map) Land Broad Habitat Change: 1990-2007 Changes in the extents of the most widespread Broad Habitats (thousand hectares) 2,500 Bog Acid grassland* 2,000 Dwarf shrub heath Coniferous woodland* 1,500 Improved grassland* 1,000 Arable and horticultural* Neutral grassland Fen, marsh, swamp Broadleaved, mixed and yew woodland* Built-up areas and gardens Bracken 500 0 1990 Source: Countryside Survey 2007 1998 2007 Derelict and Urban Vacant Land: 2002-2009 Land Area of Derelict and Urban Vacant Land (hectares) 9,000 Derelict Land Urban Vacant Land 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2002 2003 Source: Scottish Government 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Land Designated Areas: 1991-2010 Area (thousand hectares) 1,200 SSSI 1,000 SAC 800 600 SPA 400 Ramsar 200 0 1991 1993 1995 1997 Source: Scottish Natural Heritage 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Land Scheduled Monuments in Scotland: 1991-2010 Number and area of sites designated as Scheduled Monuments 20,000 18,000 16,000 Area (hectares) 14,000 Number of sites 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 1991 1993 1995 Source: Historic Scotland 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Land Agricultural Land Use: 1982-2009 Area (thousand hectares) 7,000 Rough grazing Grass Crops, fallow and set-aside Woodland & other land 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1982 1984 1986 1988 Source: Scottish Government 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Land Nutrients Applied on Crops and Grass: 1986-2009 Total nutrients applied (kg/ha) on crops and grass 140 Nitrogen 120 100 80 60 Potash 40 Phosphate 20 0 1986 1988 1990 1992 Source: Scottish Government 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Land Area of Woodland: 1924-2010 Area (thousand hectares) 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1924 1930 1936 1942 1948 Source: Forestry Commission 1954 1960 1966 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 2008 Biodiversity Changes in Plant Species Richness: 1990 - 2007 Mean number of vascular plant species per 1km square 30 Fen, marsh and swamp* Broadleaved, mixed and yew woodland* 25 Neutral grassland* 20 Acid grassland* Bracken 15 Dwarf shrub heath Bog* 10 Coniferous woodland* 5 Improved grassland* Arable and horticultural 0 1990 1998 Source: Countryside Survey 2007 2007 Biodiversity Status of UK BAP Habitats in Scotland: 2008 Status of UK BAP Habitats Increasing 13% Unknown 21%R Fluctuating (probably increasing) 3% No clear trend 3% Increasing Fluctuating - probably increasing Stable Declining (continuing/ accelerating) 3% Stable Fluctuating - probably stable R 21%Fluctuating - probably declining Declining (slowing) Declining (continuing/accelerating) No clear trend Trend unknown Declining (slowing) 26%R Fluctuating (probably stable) 8% Fluctuating (probably declining) 5% Source: Biodiversity Action Reporting System (BARS) Biodiversity Status of UK BAP Species in Scotland: 2008 Status of UK BAP Species Increasing 4% Unknown 32%R Fluctuating (probably increasing) 1% Stable 23%R Increasing Fluctuating - probably increasing Stable Fluctuating - probably stable Fluctuating - probably declining Not a true species 1% Declining (slowing) Declining (continuing/accelerating) Lost (since BAP publication) Fluctuating (probably Lost (pre BAP publication) stable) 10% No clear trend 7% No clear trend Not a true species Trend unknown Lost (pre BAP Publication) 1% Lost (since BAP publication) 1% Fluctuating (probably declining) 4% Declining (continuing/ accelerating) 7% Source: Biodiversity Action Reporting System (BARS) Declining (slowing) 11% Biodiversity Status of wild bird populations: 1975-2009 Index (1994 = 100) 140 130 Terrestrial Breeding Birds 120 110 Breeding Seabirds 100 90 80 Wintering Waterbirds 70 60 1975 1980 1985 Source: British Trust for Ornithology/ Joint Nature Conservation Committee/ Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust/ Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group 1990 1995 2000 2005 Biodiversity Catches of wild salmon: 1952-2008 Numbers caught (thousands) 300 250 Fixed engine 200 150 Net & coble 100 50 Rod & line (retained) Rod & line (released) 0 1952 1957 1962 1967 Source: Marine Scotland Science 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007