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Green Jobs for Green Growth
International Conference on Green Industry in Asia
Manila, 9-11 September 2009
Vincent Jugault
Senior Environment
& Decent Work Specialist
ILO ROAP-Bangkok
Decent Work for All
ASIAN DECENT WORK DECADE 2006-2015
The decent work challenge
• Unemployed: 190 m globally
• 1 billion excluded from socio-economic development
• to create 500 m new jobs for young job seekers in the
next ten years
• 5.3 billion with no social security
• 1.6 billion without access to energy
• 9 billion people in 2050
The climate mitigation challenge
How to achieve globally, under these conditions by 2050:
• 550 ppm CO2 eq, or 450, or 350 ?
• efficiency improvement by a factor 5, or more?
• 70 % reduction of GHGs emissions?
Green Jobs can be generically defined as the direct employment created in
economic sectors and activities, which reduces their environmental impact
and ultimately brings it down to levels that are sustainable.
This includes jobs that help to reduce the consumption of energy and raw
materials, decarbonizes the economy, protect and restore ecosystems
and biodiversity and minimize the production of waste and pollution.
ILO/UNEP
Green Jobs = Environmentally sustainable + Decent
Combined enforcement of labor and environmental standards
High potential sectors
• Energy efficiency: buildings,
• Renewable energy
• Mobility: mass transportation
• Recycling, waste management
• Sustainable environment based economic
sectors (forestry, agriculture, fisheries, etc)
• Environmental services (eco-industry)
• Environmental quality based sectors (ecotourism)
• Greening the industry: greener jobs
Ship-breaking
Over 100,000 workers in Asia,
almost all untrained and
unprotected in an environmentally
damaging and hazardous industry.
Recycling
Millions of workers in Asia
involved in hazardous waste
recycling (e-waste, lead and
other heavy metals, etc.) in the
informal sector.
Unsustainable jobs will be lost through
economic restructuring
Fossil Fuel (and Metals) Mining Employment in Selected Countries, 1996 – 2006
country
1996
2006
Change
9,020
5,580
-38
Slovakia
34
16
-52
South Africa
603
398
-34
Malaysia
35
27
-22
China
Source: UNEP, ILO, ITUC Green Jobs Initiative, Green Jobs: Towards Sustainable Work in a Low-Carbon World, Report Prepared by the Worldwatch
Institute with technical assistance from the Cornell University Global Labor Institute, December 2007, p. 34
Compensated by high employment growth rates in
green sectors in an increasing number of countries
Employment in the German Renewable Sector, 1998, 2004, and 2006
1998
2004
2006
2006
Wind, Solar,, hydro,
geothermal, biomass,
services
16,600
63,900
82,100
n.a
Total
66,600
157,100
231,300
n.a
With considerable spillovers from direct green job creation
Direct and Indirect Jobs in the U.S. Renewable Sector, 2006
Industry Segment
Direct Jobs
Direct and Indirect Jobs
Wind Power
16,000
36,800
Photovoltaics
6,800
15,700
Solar Thermal
800
1,900
Hydroelectric Power
8,000
19,000
Geothermal
9,000
21,000
67,000
152,000
2,750
6,300
66,000
152,000
Fuel Cells
4,800
11,100
Hydrogen
4,000
9,200
181,150
427,000
Federal, State/Local Administration
6,900
15,870
Trade and Professional
Associations, NGOs
1,500
3,450
193,550
446,320
Ethanol
Biodiesel
Biomass Power
Total, Private Industry
Grand Total
In magnitude, it is the
greening of existing
jobs and processes that
matters most
• Labour productivity has
increased by more than 270
% over the past four
Decades
• In the same period, the
productivity of raw materials
and energy increased by
much less, 100 % and 20 %
respectively
Economic and labor market impacts: on balance
Net gain in jobs from active climate and
environmental policies
Large potential in developing countries and
emerging economies
Only decent + environmentally sustainable
(green jobs) help to meet the dual challenge
The social dimension in the climate
debate
A missing link ?
• negotiation process
• consultation process
• policy formulation
• implementation on the ground
The involvement of the social partners
Why it is going to be different this time
The three phases of the environmental movement
• The conservation phase
• Conservation laws of F.D Roosevelt in the 30’
• IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), October
1948,
• The regulatory phase on pollution prevention & control in the 60’
and 70’
• The Climate change and climate variability phase - TODAY
• it is about energy security (mitigation)
• adapting to climate change
• affecting ALL sectors of the economy
• central to socio-economic development
• The Green Jobs Initiative is a partnership between the
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the
International Labour Organization (ILO), the International
Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) and the International
Organization of Employers (IOE).
• The initiative was launched in to mobilize governments,
employers and workers to engage in dialogue on coherent
policies and effective programmes leading to a green
economy with green jobs and decent work for all.
Some points of intervention for a Green Jobs
Initiative
1. Turn the challenge posed by Climate Change into opportunities for
jobs and livelihood
2. Introduce ‘social clauses’ into the next protocol on Climate change
and help recognize the key role of the world of work
3. Promote a ‘just transition’ to sustainability
4. Develop adequate social tools for most exposed populations to
climate variability
5. Gender unbalance: the double deficit
6. The migration effect due to climate change and climate variability