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Building Resilient Communities A Value Proposition Green Build Conference Community Education, Awareness and Engagement New Brunswick Climate Change Plan • GHG Reduction and Adaptation to Climate Impacts is a Shared responsibility addressed by all levels of government • Province supports the development of community-based engagement • NB Climate Change Hub is key partner Our Activities: 1. Facilitate a provincial Advisory Committee 2. Build capacity of Community Stakeholders and Hub Members to implement policies and green initiatives 3. Facilitate community dialogue and act as a resource 4. Operate as a clearinghouse for news and scientific information 5. Conduct outreach programs to educate the public and decision-makers What’s the Problem with BAU? • It remains common across Canada for energy planning to occur in isolation, gas separate from electricity, distribution separate from transmission, and all separate from land use, transportation and water planning. • The result: trends continue to show increases in energy use and higher GHG emissions What is Resilience? What do we Value? • Managing Change • Adapting to Impacts • Reducing Exposure to volatile Energy Costs, Supply • Well-managed Global Commons - Environment • Local Green Economy • Social Cohesiveness • Smarter Design (form) • Vision and Leadership (direction) • Organizational (process) • Our quality of life • Safety / Health / Wellbeing • Reducing Exposure to Energy Poverty through smarter use • An environment capable of supporting life • Community / Families • Meaningful Lives (op.to grow) • Buildings/Infrastructure that meets our needs, now, and sustainably into the future A primer on global warming Impact of Human-produced Greenhouse Gases This diagram shows the relative impact of the major humanproduced greenhouse gases to current warming. CO2 has the most impact followed in descending order by methane, CFCs, ozone and nitrous oxide. Concentration of CO2 anticipated for the year 2100: around 675 ppm Concentration of CO2 for the year 1998: 365 ppm What is safe? 350 or 400 or 450? Currently 385 ppm Increase in average temperature for the year 2100: between 1.4 and 5.8 C Source of Picture: www.whitehouse.gov/ Initiatives/Climate/next100 .html Concentration of CO2 and Temperature Change How to calculate risk – feedback loops, tipping points, warm rate potential Climate Observations in NB • Temperature - Up 0.70 C • Snow pack – Down 25% (N) & 50% (S) • Sea level rise – Up 30 cm • Extreme storm events – 5 X as frequent Sea-Level Rise & Storm Surges Actions to Adapt New Brunswick Climate Change Plan Objectives • Provincial risk assessment to identify vulnerabilities and priority actions • “Climate proof” development decisions • Strengthen measures to protect coastal areas • Adaptive management of natural resources • Emergency Preparedness Forest Ecosystem Change and Invasive Species Seasonal Change and Variability, affecting Agriculture and Eco-Tourism Forest Fires Health Impacts Watershed Pollution and Aquaculture Impacts Interruptions to Power and Imports (of oil, food, medical supplies, etc) Floods Coastal Erosion, Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise Storm Surge and Sea Level Rise Plenary 1 - Adaptation • What do we value in our communities / built environment? How do we monitor / measure? • What are impacts of concern to your community? • What building codes improve resilience to impacts / increase value? • What planning policies are needed to improve resilience to impacts / increase value? • What are the barriers / opportunities • Prioritize Actions New Brunswick GHG Emissions 2001 (Total = 21.3 Mt CO2 Equivalent) Residential 3% - 0.6Mt Non-Energy GHG 7% - 1.4 Mt Commercial 3% - 0.7 Mt Industrial 10% - 1.7 Mt Transportation 25% - 4.9 Mt Producer's Consumption 5% - 1.1 Mt Electricity Consumption by Sector, 2001 32% Electricity Generation 47% - 10.7 Mt 51% 18% Residential Comm. & Institution. Industrial Source: Statistics Canada, Environment Canada Note: Producer's Consumption is the energy used by the energy industry including petroleum refining and electricity generation. Non-Energy GHG are emissions from industrial & land uses such as landfills, agriculture, etc. Projected Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenarios in New Brunswick CO2 Equivalent (Megatonnes) 30.0 25.3 25.0 23.2 22.0 20.0 16.1 15.0 Estimated Actual 10.0 1990 2004 Year 2012 References – National Inventory Report: 1990-2004/NB Departments of Energy & Environment 2020 CO2 Equivalent (Megatonnes) 30.0 Projected Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenarios in New Brunswick 25.3 25.0 23.2 22.0 Renewable Energy & Efficiency (2.2) Transportation (1.2) 20.0 Waste Management (1.2) 17.7 16.1 15.0 Federal Leadership & Support (1.6) (1990) 16.1 14.5 (NEG/ECP) Estimated Actual 10.0 1990 Industrial Sources (0.7) Other* (0.2) Other* Government Leading by Example / Partnership & Communications 2004 ’07 Year 2012 References – National Inventory Report: 1990-2004/NB Departments of Energy & Environment 2020 The single most tangible opportunity we have as Canadians to effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions is in how we plan, build and develop our communities. QUEST -Six Guiding Principles Improve efficiency–reduce the energy input required for a given level of service; Optimize “exergy”–avoid using high-quality energy in low-quality applications; Manage heat–capture all feasible thermal energy and use it, rather than exhaust it; Reduce waste–use all available resources, such as landfill gas, gas pressure drops and municipal, agricultural, industrial and forestry wastes; Use renewable resources–tap into local biomass, geothermal, solar and wind energy; and Use grids strategically–optimize use of grid energy and as a resource to optimize the overall system and ensure reliability (PowerShift Atlantic) Building Capacity and Community Leadership • Engage City Councilors and Staff • Help to Form a Local Action Committee • Establish Baseline, Prioritize Actions and Identify Barriers/Opportunities – Develop ICSP • Build Partnerships / Participatory Framework • Secure Financial Resources / Expertise • Measure and Evaluate Progress toward Milestones • Public Education and Outreach Programs = Behavior Change The Natural Step Framework What are the issues? Develop strategies Baseline Analysis: Where are we now? Envision your sustainable community Natural Resources The problem Ecosystem Capacity life supporting resources declining Margin for action Human Demand Time The Funnel Air Water Forests Margin for action constrained by demand & ecosystem capacity Land Transport Energy Time Baselines in issue areas Baseline GHG Emissions Water Energy Trans Land What is our current situation? • GHG Inventory (baseline 1990 or best available) – calculate using provincial coefficients. Municipal financial records, energy bills, and fuel consumption records are all good sources of data for calculating baseline. • Setting Targets – choose targets based on priority actions (most affordable & realistic, and most effective in reducing emissions). – Motion for municipal council to adopt the targets in a resolution statement. • Administrative Objectives (internal) – Example 1. Seek funding to employ a coordinator or energy reduction initiatives – Example 2. Form an Environment Committee to oversee development and implementation of a Local Action Plan – Example 3. Educate, Inform, and Involve Staff in Behavior Change Initiatives – Example 4. Engage staff in development of green policy and initiatives Municipal Environment Committees Identify goals and strategies Develop goals and strategies for each issue area Water How do we get there? Where do we want to be in circa 2050? Energy Water Energy Trans Land Will it result in measurable reductions of GHG emissions? Land Trans GHG Reduction Plans Local Action Planning Short and Long Term Goals – The short-term goals are qualitative and quantitative GHG emission reduction actions that are specific to sectors within the municipal operations or the community. – The long-term goals are statements of intent to change the manner in which a municipal government operates and which will have positive reduction effects on GHG emissions. For example: • • • • develop a green procurement policy; update the Official Community Plan; include energy-efficiency standards in area plans; and develop various bylaws to reduce emissions. Water Energy Trans Land Develop targets and indicators, for each action / issue Baseline Milestones Targets Energy Density Mapping • Makes it possible to do systematic comparison of energy efficiency and supply options • Informs land use planning, policies, development • Helps to re-design urban form • Informs development process and energy, water, waste implications • Enables community-based efficiency and energy programs, e.g. Neighborhood Energy Utility, Investment options for green portolios Average Household Emissions (tonnes CO2e /household/year) Emissions de Carbone en Tonnes, par Maison, par Année Category Space Heating & Cooling Water Heating Appliances and Lighting Cars & Trucks Other Transportation Wastes Total New Brunswick Canada 6.08 3.56 1.33 1.04 2.95 1.27 6.62 5.94 0.75 1.08 1.36 2.22 19.11 15.10 ArcGIS Server .net These Sample Maps Are Health Maps from Previous Geospatial Projects (2003-2008) I conducted “Energy Smart” Municipalities, Municipalités éconergétiques ArcGIS Server FLEX Logos Courtesy of Hub website Top Ten GHG Reduction Measures Measure Municipality Area-Sector Queen St. NG Conversion Sportsplex Refrigeration Heat Recovery Fredricton Corporate Buildings Halifax Corporate Buildings Annual GHG Reduction (t) 55 270 Annual Cost Investment Simple Net Present Internal Rate Savings ($) ($) Payback (yrs) Value ($) of Return (%) $2,070 $16,500 8.0 $93,945 12% $15,000 $18,000 1.2 $382,158 80% Prioritize actions that: • • • Water Energy • Trans • Land • move us towards sustainability provide an adequate return on investment achieve multiple goals (economic, health…) are flexible Reduce GHG Emissions Reduce vulnerability / risk Green Municipal Initiatives • Street Lighting (conversion to LEDs) • Energy Efficiency in Buildings • Fleet Management and Public Transit • Active / Public Transportation • Green Purchasing Power • Major Retrofits and New Buildings (housing, commercial, industrial) • Renewable Energy (I.e. Wind Power) • Watershed Management and Infrastructure • Waste Reduction, Recycling, and Management • Local Food Production / Green Bag Programs • Green Information Center / Website Green Municipal Initiatives Sustainable Urban Planning • Adopt Sustainability in Municipal Plan / Prov. Policy • Encourage Neighborhood Participatory Planning • Think Ahead - Limit Urban Sprawl / decrease congestion on municipal roads and offer alternative transportation choices (provincial planning policy) • Create Smart urban environments – plan for mixed housing, access to municipal services, access to commercial sectors and inter-urban transportation. • Remove Barriers / Provide Incentives to Green Building and Housing Development / Local Jobs Sustainable Communities circa 2050 • Stringent land use policy to encourage densification, including constraints on the geographic footprint of cities, specification of densification corridors with fast and reliable transit, and reform of the property tax system to reflect marginal infrastructure building and maintenance costs, has the capacity to reduce urban emissions by approximately 40 –50%. • The given emissions reduction estimates include some but not all the potential energy cascading benefits made possible by densification, including district heating, combined heat and power, waste recovery systems and other local alternative energy sources. • Integrated Community Energy Systems: Capitalizing on the cross-cutting opportunities available at the community level by integrating physical components of: • Low carbon environment. – energy supply and distribution; • Reduction of other – transportation; environmental impacts (air, – housing and buildings; water, waste). – industry; • More affordable energy. – water, waste management and other • More resilient & adaptable local community services; energy systems delivering safe, – and land use and community form. reliable energy services. Fuel Switching GHG Emissions from average home (heat & hot water): • Natural gas • Heating oil • Electricity 5.8 tonnes 8.3 tonnes (2.5 t more than natural gas) 21.4 tonnes (15.6 t more than natural gas) Other Options: - central heat + fuel agnostic • LEED or BOMA • Heat Recovery (trap steam) – District Heating • Ground-Source Heat Pumps • Passive Solar Design / Technology • EPA certified Pellet Stoves • Biomass Conversion • Micro-Hydro power Renewable Energy & Efficiency • • • • • • • • • Energy Efficiency NB programs Residential, Commercial, industrial Water Conservation Heat Capture / District Examples Small and Large scale wind Load Control (thermal storage) Biomass, Tidal, Solar power Building & equipment stds. Fuel Switching Strategies http://www.nbhub.org/fleet/index.html Green Fleet Management • Goal: Help Municipal Fleet Operators to reduce fuel consumption, reduce GHGs and Smog, and Save Money (25 participants) • Municipal Fleets • School Buses – provincial anti-idling bylaw • Provincial Fleets • Transport Trucks • Public Transportation http://www.nbhub.org/fleet/resources.htm Green Fleet Management Goal: Help Municipal Fleet Operators to reduce fuel consumption, reduce GHGs and Smog, and Save Money Target: 10% reduction from baseline = $100K+ savings (provincially) 1. Collect Data / Implement Data Collection Strategy Fleet Inventories / Tracking Fuel 2. Calculate Baseline Emissions Anti-Idling Policy Heaters 3. Analyse Fleet Age, Repair, Cab Fuel Consumption, against national Tire Inflation Standards averages. Driver Training 4. Provide municipalities with guidance in developing green fleet Route Optimization initiatives Lifecycle Cost Analysis 5. Provide training toVehicle municipal staff and support an information network Replacement Strategy for best practices, Alternative tendering, and planning. Fuels (e.g. Bio-Diesel) And now from a builders / developer perspective Value? High Efficiency? Getting to Net Zero? or Positive Energy? Depends on building use and local synergies Mobilizing community builders to create integrated energy solutions that are central to sustainable communities Plenary 2 – Planning & Building • Your community or neighborhood • Who are the participants • What are the barriers • What are the opportunities • Prioritize Actions Planning a Resilient Community is Planning a Resilient Economy Funding Opportunities • Energy Efficiency Agency (Commercial Grants, Community Energy Efficiency Program) • Federal Efficiency Grants / Eco-Trust • Federation of Canadian Municipalities • Environmental Trust Fund (NB) • Municipal Budget / Intra-Municipal Cooperative reinvest savings from green initiatives / match funding • Other funding models : public-private-academic • Working with utilities (share the pole) • Pension Funds (SIPPs), Property Taxes FCM Green Municipal Fund • GMF invests to help Canadian municipal governments fight climate change and improve air, water and soil quality • Provides grants and low interest loans for feasibility studies, field tests and new sustainable infrastructure • Eligible Applicants – All municipal governments in Canada – Public and private sector partners of municipal governments Green Municipal Fund – Funding Categories • • • • Energy and energy services Water Solid waste management Sustainable transportation services and technologies • Sustainable community planning and integrated projects (e.g. PCP Milestones 2,3,4) • Brownfields Redevelopment Green Municipal Fund – Application Process • • • • • • • • • • Statement of Intent Full Application (GHG Inventory + LAP) Peer Review Timeline varies Approval by GMF Council (approval ~ 6 months) Approval by FCM Board Contract Finalization Funding Announcement Disbursements (Repayment) Results Reporting Lead by Example 1. Turn down the Heat! 2. Turn off lights / equipment when not in use 3. Energy Efficiency Retrofits (older homes) 4. Switch from Electric Baseboard Heat to Natural Gas, Passive Solar, High-Efficiency Furnace, Pellets, or combination, etc. 5. Net-Metering (wind, solar, biomass power) 6. Consume Local Produce / Grow Your Own 7. Live closer to Work, School, Community 8. Active / public transportation use 9. Buy fuel-efficient / hybrid vehicles 10. Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle THANK YOU Eddie Oldfield, Director Tel: (506) 455-8961 Ext. 113 Email: [email protected] Additional Slide credits available upon request www.nbhub.org