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Climate Change and
Adaptation Strategies
The Italian Case
Valentino Piana
Speech delivered in
Ankara, 19th November 2009
Contents
1. A simple scheme of climate change
2. The challenge of climate change in Italy
3. Seventeen likely impacts of climate change
4. The families of adaptation strategies
4.1. Framework strategies
4.2. Strategies to strengthen local response
by protecting key assets
4.3. Strategies for the rapid
system-wide intervention
4.4. Saving and substituting scarcer resources
5. Conclusions
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1. A simple scheme of climate change
Density/Value
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Additional stressors
Our adaption from Isoard,
Grothmann and Zebisch, 2008.
2. The challenge of climate change in Italy
1
Perceived as a long-term and remote phenomenon
2
Low priority in economic and political terms
3
Specific aspects of climate change overemphasised
while others neglected
44
Scattered competences
45
Framed by other issues, not framing other issues
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2. The challenge of climate change in Italy
exacerbates
existing problems
Climate
change
generates
entirely new ones
It provokes widely differentiated effects
in term of timing (immediate, medium-term and long-term)
and in terms of geographical areas and economic sectors.
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3. Seventeen likely impacts of climate change
Alpine region
Hydro-geological
vulnerable zones
Coastal zones
Polluted urban centres
hit by heat waves
Water scarsity and
desertification
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4. The families of adaptation strategies
4.1. Framework strategies
4.2. Strategies to strengthen local response
by protecting key assets
4.3. Strategies for the rapid
sistem-wide intervention
4.4. Saving and substituting scarcer resources
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4.1. Framework strategies
Definition
Coherent and extensive list of measures, expliciting objectives,
stakeholders, activities, budget and responsibilities
Coverage
All the country, identifying areas at risks, establishing priorities
and balances
PROS
Systemic approach
Full coverage of issues
No surprises
International comparability
Examples
CONS
 Long consultations
Difficulties in agreement
High total costs foreseen for
action
Risk to receive funding only for
the process, not for the
measures
National Adaptation Strategy, National Program for the Fight to
Drought and Desertification
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4.1. Framework strategies
1
National Adaptation Strategy
Source: PEER (2009)
Italy is going to lay down
a National Adaptation Strategy
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4.1. Framework strategies
2
National Program for the Fight to Drought and Desertification
Legal foundation
Kind of intervention
CIPE deliberation n. 229 - 21st December 1999
It provides a framework for regional intervention, use of
European Funds and for sectoral planning.
Example of
direct activities
Workshops, awareness raising events
Costs
0.5 millions Euro in 2001
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4.2. Strategies to strengthen local resilience by protecting key assets
Definition
Coverage
Concentrated efforts to protect small areas from specific risks
Key assets, as historical cities, highly profitable human activities,
etc.
PROS
Effective in the area and for the
problem under focus
Mobilization of resources
Interest of solution providers
Examples
CONS
Possible negative externalities
outside the area and on other
environmental aspects
High cost per square km
Difficult to replicate for nonhuman ecosystems and for nonhighly profitable activities
MOSE Project in Venise
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4.2. Strategies to strengthen local resilience by protecting key assets
MOSE Project in Venise
Problem
Sea level rising and floods in Venice
Kind of intervention
Massive infrastructure and complex works.
Timing
Extreme weather event in 1966 giving rise to a long
debate on solutions. Project presented in 1981. After
criticisms, a new version presented in 1989. First financial
commitment in 2002. First stone in 2003. On-going
contentious issue. Expected completion: 2012-2014.
Costs
Estimated €4,272 million, committed 3240 millions.
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4.3. Strategies for the rapid system-wide intervention
Definition
Coverage
Monitoring and alert system with well-defined procedure of
mobilization on-site and from all over the country(ies)
Disaster-prone areas, hit or at immediate risk
PROS
Wide ex-ante coverage
Effective mobilization
Solidarity across country(ies)
Disaster impact reduction
Levelled off expenditure over time
Insurance-like effects
Examples
CONS
Highly demanding in central
and local competences
Raising awareness of risks
(sometimes excessively)
Keep resources always
allocated
Civil defence system
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4.3. Strategies for the rapid sistem-wide intervention
Civil defence system
Legal foundation
National Law 225 - 24th February 1992, modified by
the Constitutional Law n. 3 - 18th October 2001
Kind of intervention
Integrated multi-level system where not only a centralized
“military-like” body is ready to enter into action, but local-level
units of volunteers and several bodies responds to mayors
and higher-level political responsible people.
Activities
Monitoring the structural conditions of vulnerability, alert
about the possibilty of disaster of a wide range of sources
(fire, floods, landslides) and immediate reaction
Participating bodies
Departments under the national and regional
governments, army, fire brigades, forestry militia, Red
Cross, national healthcare system, citizen organizations,
etc.
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4.4. Saving and substituting scarcer resources
Definition
Coverage
Behavioural, technological and infrastructural change to reduce
inputs in production and consumption
Water, energy, soil
PROS
Potential profitability due to
savings
Homogeneity and standardization
of solutions
Fast implementation, at least In
principle
Examples
CONS
Underestimation of rigidities in
habits and technological lock-ins
Economic instruments (e.g.
higher price of the resource) not
always effective and politically
feasible
They may require further R&D
Basin and Regional plans for saving water
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4.4. Saving and substituting scarcer resources
Regional plans for saving water
Legal foundation
Kind of intervention
Participating bodies
Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EU; National
Law 13/2009; Regional Development plans
Multi-yearly program of extraordinary and ordinary
maintenance of water pipelines, agreements with trade
associations to spread technologies, pilot project of new
technologies, educational programs for population and
children, price modifications
National and regional authorities, water basin authorities,
schools
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5. Conclusions
Climate change is now and for the future, probably faster
than many policymakers expect.
Planning and executing adaptation measures can be long
and difficult.
Italy is moving from a reactive to a pro-active approach
and is keen to exchanges of experience with all countries
of the Mediterranean Sea.
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For further information and support feel free to contact us!
Valentino Piana
<[email protected]>
Mobile phone: +39 349 36 10 476
Thank you for your kind
attention.
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