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Thursday, April 29 and Friday, April 30, 2010, Radisson University Hotel, Minneapolis, MN Social Movements for a Green Economy: Panel on Institutional Theory and Innovation Andy Van de Ven & Joel Malen Carlson School of Management University of Minnesota Zoom Out on Multiple Actors at Inter-Org Field Institutional Diffusion Collective Action •Reproduction, diffusion or decline of an institutional arrangement in a population or organizational field •Evolutionary processes of variation, selection, and retention (isomorphism) •Organizational institutional ecology literature •Political action among distributed, partisan & embedded actors to solve a problem or issue by changing institutional arrangements •Framing processes, mobilizing structures & political opportunities •Social movements & industry emergence literature Focus Institutional Adaptation Zoom In on Single Actor •Organizational efforts to achieve legitimacy by adapting to institutional environmental pressures & regulations •Coercive, normative & mimetic processes •New organizational institutional literature Reproduction Institutional Design •Purposeful social construction & strategies by an actor to create/change an institution to solve a problem or correct an injustice •Bounded agency: Affordance and partisan mutual adjustment •Old institutional literature Mode of Change Construction Models of Institutional Change Source: Hargrave & Van de Ven, 2004 Collective Action Model: Social Movement Theory Political Opportunities Structure Institutional Arrangements -How/where institutional infrastructure facilitates & constrains change Framing Processes -social construction of ideas, issues, concerns, ideology Collective Action -emergent action & form -partisan mutual adjustment -political tactics & campaigns Mobilizing Structures Institutional Actors & Resources -groups, organizations, networks -entrepreneurs, activists, insurgents Doug McAdam, John McCarthy, and Mayer Zald (eds.), Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures and Cultural Framings, NY: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996 Collective Action: Social Movement on Electricity Feed-in Tariffs Political Opportunity Structures •Dominant utilities prevent change through market •RE advocates pursue political change Collective Action/ Political Behavior Framing Processes •RE alternative to fossil fuels (fight climate change) •RE alternative to dangerous nuclear energy •RE minimizes negative social externalities • Issue Awareness •Mobilization/demonstrations against nuclear/climate change •Electoral support for prorenewable candidates/parties •Promote new ideas to facilitate/support RE diffusion Mobilization Structures •Environmental Groups: • Friends of the Earth Germany, Greenpeace •Professional Organizations: •Institute of Ecology; German Assn for Promotion of Solar Power Eurosolar, Solar Energy Industries Association Collective Action: Dialectics of Electricity Feed-in Law (1990) Synthesis Thesis (RE Opposition) support for coal and nuclear electricity generation • No support to immature energy technologies •Electricity Feed-in Law adopted (1990) • Government Anti-Thesis (RE Support) •Government support for renewable energy generation •Feed-in law to provide grid access and favorable rates to producers Power (RE Opposition) •Utilities focused on newly integrated East Germany •Do not view small scale of legislative proposals as significant threat •Despite overall power within German POS, fail wield their power in conflict adapted from Hargrave and Van de Ven (2006) Conflict • German federal legislature debates proposed Feed-in Law •Utilities must provide grid access to RE producers • Utilities must purchase electricity from RE producers •Rates based on percentage of retail price Power (RE Support) •RE supporters have substantial power in legislature it conflict •Political support for Feed-in Law from parties across political spectrum Participants are Distributed, Partisan & Embedded Distributed: Different actors play key roles No single actor controls any developmental path Partisan: Actors participate from own frames Interests of producers, regulators, investors, etc. are not the same Solutions through partisan mutual adjustment Embedded: Actors become dependent on paths they create. Many learning opportunities occur as process unfolds Process of partial cumulative syntheses 5/24/2017 Conclusions If social movement, pay attention to: o Political structure, mobilizing actors & framing processes o Collective action: conflict, power & political tactics o Dialectics of thesis, antithesis & synthesis Politically-savvy innovators will outperform technicallysavvy innovators. o Technical savvy is necessary but not sufficient; also need political savvy Innovators who “run in packs” will be more successful than those that go it alone. o the liability of unconnectedness (Baum & Oliver, 1992) 5/24/2017 Technical & Institutional Changes Resemble Social-Political Movements 5/24/2017