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Climate Change, driving force for biofuels
Regional Seminar Tartu
23-24 of March 2011
Lennart Hallgren
Project Manager
www.balticbiogasbus.eu
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Climate Change
Peak Oil
Energy security
Diesel shortage
Air Quality
Congestion
Increase of
transportation
■…
Drivers for Sustainable Transports
www.balticbiogasbus.eu
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Global Climate change
• Climate is one of
humanity’s biggest
challenges
• Huge commitments have
to be made globally to
reduce green house gases
www.balticbiogasbus.eu
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Climate change. Carbon dioxide
• Concentration of CO2 in
the atmosphere is the
highest for more than
thousand years
• It is growing fast
• Main causes are burning
of the fossil fuel, cutting
of forests ......
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The oil age – in perspective
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Global Warming
• During the last century
global temperature has
risen continuously
• Year 2010 one of the
warmest ever
• Glaciers melts away
• water level increases
• Climate related
catastrophes increases
• Flooding
• Heat waves ……..
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Interrelation of Atmospheric CO2 - Temperature
700 ppm (2100)
375 ppm (now)
Glaciers of Greenland and South Pole have shrunk in volume and size.
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Photo: Richard Ryan/Stockholm Visitors Board
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Not only an
Environmental problem!
Oil dependency and CO2 causes:
 Environmental problems!
 Problems with security and supply!
 Financial problems!
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Climate Change
Peak Oil
Energy security
Diesel shortage
Air Quality
Congestion
Increase of
transportation
■…
Drivers for Sustainable Transports
www.balticbiogasbus.eu
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“The
world
needs new
oil fields!”
ExxonMobil
“By 2025, we
need to find,
develop and
produce a
volume of “new”
Oil & Gas that
equals 8 out of
every 10 barrels
produced
today.”
Source: Uppsala University 2004-06-16
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Climate Change
Peak Oil
Energy security
Diesel shortage
Air Quality
Congestion
Increase of
transportation
■…
Drivers for Sustainable Transports
www.balticbiogasbus.eu
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Transportation, a large-scale green house driver
• The transport-sector accounts for
70 % of CO2 emissions
• Congestion and local emissions
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Drivers for Sustainable transport
Energy Security, shortage of diesel & End of Cheap Oil
www.balticbiogasbus.eu
Source: Uppsala University
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A driver for sustainable transport
Local energy security
■ Finding local energy solutions is a
very important driver for nations,
cities, Regions, and companies
■ Advantages with local biofuels
■ Local production
■ Job opportunities
■ local energy security
■ replacing oil dependency
■ Stable, long-term contracts for
fuel supply and price of fuel
possible for operators
www.balticbiogasbus.eu
Financial problems
 Scientists and oil industry agree that there will be a
shortage of oil in the near future;
 Oil price likely to be sluggish and high
 Cost of emissions rights in industrial/energy
sector is booming;
 CO2 taxes, km-taxes, etc;
 It will cost you to be oil addicted and to cause fossil
CO2 emissions!
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We need Sustainable Transports
Climate Change
Air Quality
Are you a part of the problem?
Or a part of the solution?
Oil & Energy Security
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Congestion
Strategic long
term decisions
Strategically and financially
very important for everyone
dependent on fuels to secure
the supply of renewable fuel!
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Only 3 ways to reduce oil
dependency and fossil
CO2 from transportation!
 Curb the uncontrolled
growth of transport
 Increase energy
efficiency
 Increase the use of
renewable fuels,
biofuels
Renewable Fuels…
…but which one?
www.balticbiogasbus.eu
Parameters to consider
• Potential to reduce local and global
emissions
• Quality
• Availability, scale standardisation
• Economy
• Security of supply
• Future production potential?
• Ethics, labelling, certificate of
origin etc.
– Competition with food, energy
supply, medicines,
– Biodiversity
www.balticbiogasbus.eu
Local
Emissions
(PM, NOx)
Biodiesel
Diesel
Petrol
LPG
Petrol
E 95
Biogas
E85
(electric
hybrid)
CNG
H2, electricity
electricity
(water power)
(EU mix)
Global effect (CO2)
3 commercial sustainable biofuels
Ethanol
• 90 % of World´s biofuel
• Local and global fuel
• Sustainable volume
production
• Stable fuel
• CO2 reduction 71 %
www.balticbiogasbus.eu
Biodiesel
Biogas
•Local waste to fuel
•Good for local fleets
•Can be combined with CNG
•Expensive infrastructure
•CO2 reduction > 95 %
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Many feedstocks
Similar to diesel
Fuel quality issues
Not for infrequent use
High and low blends
CO2 reduction 38 %
The benefits of biogas
• Biogas is the most renewable
biofuel today
• waste products from
households, restaurants,
farms and sewage treatment
plants
• similar to natural gas (CNG)
but renewable
• locally produced
Xxx
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Clear political ambitions and targets is necessary as a
foundation for the planning
 In Stockholm Visions and Targets
are set by the politicians in the
County Council and the board of
SL:
– All train traffic shall use
electricity from renewable
sources
– January 1st 2012, 50 % of SL
buses shall use renewable fuels
– January 1st 2026 all SL traffic
should be 100 % free from fossil
fuels
National Biogas Strategy
• Long-term national vision
• Estimation of national biogas/biomethane production and
market potential
• Set national targets (10-20 year)
• Incentives to reach targets
National Biogas Strategies (Taxation)
• Higher energy tax on fossil fuels
• Higher C02 tax on fossil fuels
• Tax exemption on renewable fuel (e.g. Biomethane)
• Tax exemption on bio-fertiliser
National Biogas Strategies (Subsidies)
• Investment support for Biogas plants
• Investment support for Biomethane infrastructure, e.g.
biogas grids, filling stations
• Eco-car subsidies
• Other ?
Regional and Municipal Biogas Strategies (Regional
and Municipal incentives)
• Environmental requirements in transport precurement
(Taxi and mobility service)
• Requirement on eco-cars in all procurements
• Free parking for eco-cars in city areas
• Municipal investment in Biogas and Biomthene plants and
infrastructure
Renewable fuels in Sweden
Fordonsgas
FAME
E85
350000
300000
Delivered m3
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
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Number of Gas Vehicles in Sweden
40000
Tunga fordon/bussar 6 %
30000
20000
Personbilar
94 %
10000
0
1995
2000
2005
2010
32.000 Vehicles 2010, 40% up from 2009
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Sales of Gas in Sweden
Naturgas
Biogas
100 miljoner Nm3
Total
80
60
40
20
0
1995
2000
2005
2010
60 milj Nm3 Biogas 2010, up 35%
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Baltic Biogas Bus Project
Thank you for your attention
Lennart Hallgren, Stockholm Public Transport
[email protected]
www.balticbiogasbus.eu
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