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Catherine Breed
What Is the
Muscular System?
What does it do?
 The main purpose of muscles is to help
with movement
Muscles are bundles of cells and fibers.
Muscles work in a very simple way. All
they do is tighten up, contract, and relax.
You have two sets of muscles attached to
many of your bones which allow them to
move.
LETS WATCH QUICK
VIDEO
There are 650 active muscles in your
body and they act in groups.
Muscles can only pull. They never
push.They never push
Three different types of muscle tissue:
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
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Two different types of muscles:
involuntary, and voluntary
?What do you think is
an example of an
involuntary and
(info1, info2)
What makes up the
muscular system?
What are the muscles
called?
How on earth do they
move?
TENDONS:
Skeletal muscles are
attactched to the bone by tendons
Tendons pull the bones up
and down to work like levers
Most skeletal muscles work
in pairs, where one pulls one
direction and the other pulls the
other
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The Three Types of Muscle Tissu
CARDIAC
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Cardiac:
•Found ONLY in the HEART (you can remember that by knowing that the Greek word for
HEART is -cardio)
•Cardiac muscles are striated
•Cells are smaller than Skeletal Muscle cells
•They can have 1 or 2 nuclei
•The Cardiac muscle is Involuntary
•In control of pumping blood through the hearts chambers to the rest of the body
•Muscles are connected by intercalated disks
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The Three Types of
Muscle Tissue
SMOOTH
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Smooth:
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•Smooth muscles are the types of muscles that protect your organs in your body, such
as your lungs and stomach.
•Smooth muscles are involuntary.
•Smooth muscles are spindle shaped, have one nucleus, and they aren’t striated (muscle
tissue in which the contractile fibrils in the cells are aligned in parallel bundles, so that
their different regions form stripes visible in a microscope.)
•They move food through your digestive tract, control direction of blood flow, and they
control the size of your pupils
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The Three Types of Muscle Tissu
SKELETAL
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Skeletal:
•Skeletal muscles are attached to bones in the skeletal system(hence the name skeletal)
•Sometimes called Striated muscles due to the dark bands or stripes called striations seen
in the tissue
•Complete Skeletal muscles consist of: muscle fibers, connective tissue, blood vessels and
nerves
•Skeletal muscles are large
•Contain many nuclei
•Skeletal muscles are Voluntary
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SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
~~how it moves~~
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•Motor Neurons connect the central nervous system to skeletal muscles
•Impulses from motor neurons control the contraction of skeletal muscle fibers
•The point at which motor neurons meet the skeletal muscles is called
Neuromuscular Junction
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•Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released by vesicles in the axon terminals
•Acetylcholine molecules diffuse across the synapse and produce an impulse in the cell
membrane of the fiber
•Muscles remain contracted until the release acetylcholine stops, causing an enzyme to be
produced at the axon terminal.
•This video should explain the rest of it
Muscle
Contracti
on
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•Myosin-proteins that make up thick filaments
•Actin- proteins that make up thin filaments
•A muscle contracts when the thin filaments in the
muscle fiber slide over the thick filaments
•The energy for muscle contraction is supplied by
ATP
This site is pretty simple in showing the Muscular system and other information
Has anyone died from a
Muscular disease?
What happens if something
goes wrong?
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List of Muscular
Disorders:
More common Muscle Disorders:
Muscular Dystrophy: Broad term to describe a genetic (inherited) disorder
Compartment Syndromes: Compartment syndrome involves the compression of nerves and blood
vessels within an enclosed space.
Dermatomyositis:inflammatory muscle disease
Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome: A complex systemic syndrome with inflammatory and
autoimmune components that affect the skin, fascia, muscle, nerve, blood vessels, lung, and
heart.
Fibromyalgia:Fibromyalgia is a debilitating chronic illness characterized by diffuse pain, fatigue,
and a wide range of other symptoms. It is a syndrome, not a disease
Isaacs Syndrome: A rare neuromuscular disorder with onset usually in late childhood or early
adulthood, characterized by intermittent or continuous widespread involuntary muscle
contractions;
Mitochondrial Myopathies: A group of muscle diseases associated with abnormal mitochondria
function.
Polymyalgia Rheumatica: A syndrome in the elderly characterized by proximal joint and muscle
pain,
Rhabdomyolysis:Rhabdomyolysis is the breakdown of muscle fibers resulting in the release
of
info2
info1
Muscle Cramp:A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers
Muscle Rigidity: Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction
Muscle Spasticity:A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON
DISEASE.
Muscle Weakness: A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to
weakness of various muscles.
Muscular Disorders, Atrophic: Disorders characterized by an abnormal reduction in muscle
volume due to a decrease in the size or number of muscle fibers
Myofascial Pain Syndromes: Muscular pain in numerous body regions that can be
reproduced by pressure on trigger points, localized hardenings in skeletal muscle tissue.
Myopathies, Structural, Congenital: A heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by
the early onset of hypotonia, developmental delay of motor skills, non-progressive
weakness
Myositis: Inflammation of skeletal muscle (MUSCLE, SKELETAL).
Paralyses, Familial Periodic: Diseases characterized by MYOTONIA, which may be
inheritedThese
or acquired.
2 sites provide gret information on many of the more common muscular disorders:
Muscle Diseases
Polymyositis:is
a systemic
Muscular
Diseasesconnective
Categoriestissue disorder characterized by inflammatory and
degenerative changes in the muscles.
How can I keep my muscles
toned?
So I can look like these guys?….
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Keep your muscles in tone by…..
Eating healthy nutritious foods
Proteins repairs muscle tissues
Carbs will give you energy and help repair your muscles
Exercising
ex.Weightlifting
Sit-ups
Drinking Water
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Stretching
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Extra information from:
Biology Book
Pages:926-931
State Standards:
a.
b.
c.
Students know how the complementary activity of major body systems
provides cells with oxygen and nutrients and removes toxic waste
products such as carbon dioxide
Students know how the nervous system mediates communication
between different parts of the body and the body's interactions with the
environment.
Students know the cellular and molecular basis of muscle contraction,
including the roles of actin, myosin, Ca+2, and ATP.